Station 44065 (LLNR 725) - New York Harbor Entrance - 15 NM SE of Breezy Point , NY Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 44065

NY Harbor Approach (Ambrose Light)


Conditions at 44065 as of
(3:40 am EDT)
0740 GMT on 09/22/2026:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR): NE ( 40 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 19.4 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 23.3 kts
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):30.19 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 65.1 °F
5-day plot - Water Temperature Water Temperature (WTMP): 70.9 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 53.2 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 19.4 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 21.4 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (EDT)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
3:34 am 19.4 kts-
Previous observations
TIME
(EDT)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2026-09-22 03:30 am NE 19.4 23.3----30.19- 65.5 70.9 53.6---
2026-09-22 03:20 am NE 19.4 25.3 5.6 85.0 E30.19- 65.5 70.9 52.7---
2026-09-22 03:10 am NE 19.4 23.3 5.6-5.0 E30.18- 65.7 70.9 53.2---
2026-09-22 03:00 am NE 19.4 23.3----30.18+0.00 65.5 71.1 53.4---
2026-09-22 02:50 am NE 19.4 23.3 5.6 75.1 E30.18- 65.7 71.1 54.1---
2026-09-22 02:40 am NE 19.4 21.4----30.18- 65.5 71.1 54.1---
2026-09-22 02:30 am NE 19.4 23.3----30.18- 65.7 71.1 54.5---
2026-09-22 02:20 am NE 19.4 23.3 5.9 75.1 E30.18- 65.7 71.1 55.0---
2026-09-22 02:10 am NE 17.5 23.3----30.18- 65.8 71.1 55.2---
2026-09-22 02:00 amENE 17.5 21.4----30.18+0.00 66.0 71.1 55.4---
2026-09-22 01:50 amENE 19.4 21.4 5.6 75.1 E30.18- 66.0 71.1 55.2---
2026-09-22 01:40 amENE 17.5 21.4 5.6-5.1 E30.18- 66.0 71.1 55.9---
2026-09-22 01:30 amENE 19.4 23.3----30.18- 66.0 71.1 55.2---
2026-09-22 01:20 amENE 19.4 23.3 5.6 74.8 E30.18- 66.0 71.2 55.2---
2026-09-22 01:10 amENE 19.4 25.3 5.6-4.8 E30.18- 66.0 71.2 55.4---
2026-09-22 01:00 amENE 19.4 23.3----30.18+0.02 66.0 71.2 54.9---
2026-09-22 12:50 amENE 19.4 23.3 5.9 85.2 E30.18- 66.2 71.2 55.2---
2026-09-22 12:40 amENE 19.4 23.3----30.18- 66.0 71.2 55.4---
2026-09-22 12:30 amENE 19.4 21.4----30.18- 66.4 71.2 55.9---
2026-09-22 12:20 amENE 19.4 23.3 5.2 84.9 E30.18- 66.4 71.2 56.1---
2026-09-22 12:10 amENE 19.4 23.3 5.2-4.9 E30.18- 66.4 71.2 55.8---
2026-09-22 12:00 amENE 19.4 23.3----30.18+0.04 66.6 71.2 55.8---
2026-09-21 11:50 pm E 19.4 23.3 5.6 55.0 E30.17- 66.7 71.2 55.8---
2026-09-21 11:40 pm E 19.4 23.3 5.6-5.0 E30.18- 66.7 71.2 54.9---
2026-09-21 11:30 pm E 19.4 23.3----30.18- 66.9 71.2 54.9---
2026-09-21 11:20 pm E 19.4 23.3 4.9 74.8 E30.17- 66.9 71.2 54.7---
2026-09-21 11:10 pm E 19.4 23.3----30.17- 66.9 71.2 54.5---
2026-09-21 11:00 pmENE 19.4 23.3----30.17+0.05 66.9 71.2 55.8---
2026-09-21 10:50 pm E 17.5 21.4 4.6 74.8ESE30.17- 66.9 71.2 56.3---
2026-09-21 10:40 pmENE 19.4 23.3----30.16- 66.9 71.2 55.9---
2026-09-21 10:30 pmENE 19.4 23.3----30.16- 67.1 71.2 57.0---
2026-09-21 10:20 pmENE 19.4 23.3 4.3 74.5 E30.15- 67.1 71.2 56.7---
2026-09-21 10:10 pm E 19.4 21.4----30.15- 67.1 71.2 56.8---
2026-09-21 10:00 pm E 17.5 21.4----30.16+0.05 67.1 71.2 57.4---
2026-09-21 09:50 pm E 17.5 19.4 3.9 74.6ESE30.16- 67.1 71.2 57.0---
2026-09-21 09:40 pmENE 17.5 19.4----30.16- 67.1 71.2 57.9---
2026-09-21 09:30 pm E 17.5 19.4----30.16- 67.1 71.2 58.5---
2026-09-21 09:20 pm E 17.5 21.4 3.6 74.5 E30.15- 67.1 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 09:10 pm E 15.5 19.4----30.14- 67.1 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 09:00 pm E 15.5 19.4----30.14+0.04 67.3 71.2 59.0---
2026-09-21 08:50 pm E 15.5 17.5 3.3 84.4ESE30.14- 67.3 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 08:40 pm E 15.5 17.5----30.13- 67.3 71.2 59.0---
2026-09-21 08:30 pm E 13.6 15.5----30.13- 67.3 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 08:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 3.3 74.6ESE30.13- 67.5 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 08:10 pm E 13.6 17.5 3.3-4.6ESE30.13- 67.5 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 08:00 pm E 13.6 17.5----30.13+0.04 67.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 07:50 pm E 13.6 17.5 3.3 84.7ESE30.12- 67.5 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 07:40 pm E 13.6 15.5----30.12- 67.3 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 07:30 pm E 13.6 15.5----30.11- 67.5 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 07:20 pm E 13.6 15.5 3.3 7--30.11- 67.5 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 06:50 pm E 11.7 15.5 3.3 74.9 E30.11- 67.1 71.4 59.4---
2026-09-21 06:40 pmENE 9.7 13.6----30.11- 66.9 71.4 59.4---
2026-09-21 06:30 pmENE 9.7 11.7----30.11- 66.7 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 06:20 pmENE 9.7 11.7 3.0 64.6 E30.11- 66.6 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 06:00 pmENE 9.7 11.7----30.10+0.00 66.4 71.4 59.4---
2026-09-21 05:50 pmENE 7.8 9.7 3.3 74.6 E30.10- 66.2 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 05:40 pm E 9.7 11.7----30.09- 66.0 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 05:30 pm E 9.7 11.7----30.09- 66.0 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 05:20 pm E 9.7 11.7 3.3 74.6 E30.09- 66.0 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 05:10 pm E 9.7 11.7 3.3-4.6 E30.10- 66.0 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 05:00 pmENE 9.7 11.7----30.09+0.00 66.0 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 04:50 pmENE 9.7 13.6 3.3 84.5ESE30.09- 65.8 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 04:40 pmENE 11.7 13.6----30.09- 65.8 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 04:30 pmENE 11.7 15.5----30.09- 65.7 71.4 59.0---
2026-09-21 04:20 pmENE 11.7 15.5 3.3 74.3 E30.09- 65.5 71.4 59.2---
2026-09-21 04:10 pmENE 11.7 15.5 3.3-4.3 E30.09- 65.5 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 04:00 pmENE 13.6 15.5----30.09-0.01 65.8 71.4 58.8---
2026-09-21 03:50 pm NE 15.5 17.5 3.3-4.5 E30.07- 65.8 71.4 58.6---
2026-09-21 03:40 pmENE 13.6 17.5----30.09- 65.5 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 03:30 pm NE 13.6 17.5----30.09- 65.3 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 03:20 pm NE 13.6 17.5 3.3 64.3ESE30.10- 64.9- 58.1---
2026-09-21 03:10 pm NE 13.6 15.5 3.3-4.3ESE30.10- 64.9 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 03:00 pm NE 13.6 15.5----30.10+0.00 64.9 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 02:50 pm NE 11.7 17.5 3.3 64.2 E30.10- 64.9 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 02:40 pm NE 13.6 17.5 3.3-4.2 E30.10- 64.6 71.4 58.1---
2026-09-21 02:30 pm NE 13.6 15.5----30.10- 64.4 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 02:20 pm NE 13.6 17.5 3.6 64.2 E30.10- 64.2 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 02:10 pm NE 13.6 17.5 3.6-4.2 E30.10- 64.2 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 02:00 pm NE 15.5 19.4----30.10+0.01 64.0 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 01:50 pm NE 13.6 17.5 3.3 54.2 E30.10- 63.9 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 01:40 pm NE 15.5 17.5----30.10- 63.7 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 01:30 pm NE 15.5 19.4----30.10- 63.7 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 01:20 pmNNE 15.5 19.4 3.6 44.0ENE30.10- 63.7 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 01:10 pm NE 17.5 19.4 3.6-4.0ENE30.10- 63.7 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 01:00 pmNNE 15.5 19.4----30.10+0.04 63.5 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 12:50 pm NE 17.5 21.4 3.3 53.9 E30.10- 63.3 71.4 58.1---
2026-09-21 12:40 pmNNE 17.5 21.4----30.10- 63.1 71.6 58.1---
2026-09-21 12:30 pmNNE 17.5 21.4----30.10- 63.1 71.6 58.1---
2026-09-21 12:20 pmNNE 17.5 21.4 3.6 53.9 E30.10- 63.0 71.6 57.9---
2026-09-21 12:10 pmNNE 17.5 23.3----30.10- 63.0 71.6 57.9---
2026-09-21 12:00 pmNNE 17.5 23.3----30.10+0.05 63.0 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 11:50 amNNE 17.5 21.4 3.6 54.0ENE30.10- 62.8 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 11:40 amNNE 17.5 21.4----30.10- 62.6 71.4 57.6---
2026-09-21 11:30 amNNE 17.5 23.3----30.10- 62.6 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 11:20 amNNE 17.5 21.4 3.6 54.0ENE30.10- 62.8 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 11:10 amNNE 19.4 23.3 3.6-4.0ENE30.10- 62.8 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 11:00 amNNE 19.4 25.3----30.09+0.06 62.8 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 10:50 amNNE 19.4 25.3 3.6 54.0ENE30.09- 62.6 71.4 57.7---
2026-09-21 10:40 amNNE 19.4 25.3----30.09- 62.6 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 10:30 amNNE 19.4 25.3----30.09- 62.8 71.4 58.3---
2026-09-21 10:20 amNNE 19.4 25.3 3.6 53.8ENE30.08- 62.6 71.4 57.9---
2026-09-21 10:10 amNNE 21.4 25.3 3.6-3.8ENE30.07- 62.8 71.2 58.3---
2026-09-21 10:00 amNNE 19.4 23.3----30.07+0.08 63.0 71.2 58.3---
2026-09-21 09:50 amNNE 21.4 23.3 3.6 43.9ENE30.07- 63.3 71.2 58.5---
2026-09-21 09:40 amNNE 19.4 23.3----30.06- 63.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 09:30 amNNE 19.4 23.3----30.06- 63.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 09:20 am N 19.4 23.3 3.6 43.8 NE30.06- 63.3 71.2 58.5---
2026-09-21 09:10 amNNE 19.4 25.3----30.06- 63.3 71.2 58.5---
2026-09-21 09:00 amNNE 19.4 25.3----30.05+0.08 63.3 71.2 58.5---
2026-09-21 08:50 am N 19.4 25.3 3.6 43.8 NE30.04- 63.5 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 08:40 amNNE 19.4 23.3----30.04- 63.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 08:30 am N 21.4 25.3----30.04- 63.5 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 08:20 amNNE 21.4 25.3 3.6 43.9NNE30.03- 63.5 71.2 58.6---
2026-09-21 08:10 am N 21.4 25.3 3.6-3.9NNE30.03- 63.5 71.2 59.0---
2026-09-21 08:00 am N 21.4 25.3----30.03+0.08 63.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 07:50 am N 21.4 25.3 3.6 43.7NNE30.02- 63.5 71.2 58.8---
2026-09-21 07:40 am N 21.4 25.3----30.01- 63.7 71.2 59.0---
2026-09-21 07:30 am N 23.3 27.2----30.01- 64.0 71.2 59.5---
2026-09-21 07:20 am N 21.4 25.3 3.6 43.8NNE30.01- 64.2 71.2 59.9---
2026-09-21 07:10 am N 21.4 25.3 3.6-3.8NNE30.00- 64.0 71.2 59.7---
2026-09-21 07:00 amNNE 21.4 25.3----29.99+0.06 64.2 71.2 59.9---
2026-09-21 06:50 amNNE 21.4 27.2 3.6 43.8NNE29.99- 64.4 71.2 59.9---
2026-09-21 06:40 amNNE 21.4 25.3----29.98- 64.6 71.2 60.3---
2026-09-21 06:30 amNNE 21.4 27.2----29.98- 64.9 71.2 60.6---
2026-09-21 06:20 amNNE 21.4 27.2 3.6 43.8NNE29.97- 65.1 71.2 60.8---
2026-09-21 06:10 am N 21.4 25.3----29.97- 65.3 71.2 61.0---
2026-09-21 06:00 am N 21.4 25.3----29.97+0.05 65.5 71.2 61.5---
2026-09-21 05:50 am N 21.4 25.3 3.6 43.7NNE29.96- 65.5 71.2 61.3---
2026-09-21 05:40 am N 21.4 25.3----29.96- 65.7 71.2 61.5---
2026-09-21 05:30 am N 21.4 25.3----29.96- 65.7 71.2 61.7---
2026-09-21 05:20 am N 21.4 25.3 3.3 43.7NNE29.96- 65.7 71.2 62.2---
2026-09-21 05:10 amNNE 21.4 25.3 3.3-3.7NNE29.95- 65.5 71.2 62.4---
2026-09-21 05:00 am N 21.4 25.3----29.95+0.03 66.0 71.2 63.1---
2026-09-21 04:50 amNNE 21.4 23.3 3.0 43.6 N29.95- 66.2 71.2 63.3---
2026-09-21 04:40 amNNE 21.4 27.2----29.94- 66.2 71.2 63.1---
2026-09-21 04:30 amNNE 19.4 23.3----29.94- 66.6 71.4 63.9---
2026-09-21 04:20 am N 19.4 21.4 3.0 33.7 N29.94- 66.6 71.4 64.2---
2026-09-21 04:10 am N 19.4 23.3----29.93- 66.6 71.2 64.0---
2026-09-21 04:00 am N 19.4 23.3----29.93-0.01 66.9- 64.2---
2026-09-21 03:50 am N 19.4 21.4 3.3 33.6 N29.93- 67.1 71.4 64.2---

Wave Summary
for 44065 as of (3:10 am EDT)
0710 GMT on 09/22/2026:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 5.6 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 1.3 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 11.4 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD):ESE
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 5.2 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 7.7 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD): E
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS): AVERAGE
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 5.0 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(EDT)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2026-09-22 02:40 am 5.6 1.6 12.9ESE 5.6 7.1 E STEEP 5.1
2026-09-22 02:10 am 5.9 1.3 11.4ESE 5.6 7.1 E STEEP 5.1
2026-09-22 01:40 am 5.6 1.6 14.8ENE 5.6 7.1 E STEEP 5.1
2026-09-22 01:10 am 5.6 0.0-- 5.6 7.1 E STEEP 4.8
2026-09-22 12:40 am 5.9 1.6 12.9 N 5.6 7.7 E STEEP 5.2
2026-09-22 12:10 am 5.2 2.3 7.7 E 4.9 4.8 E AVERAGE 4.9
2026-09-21 11:40 pm 5.6 0.7 13.8 W 5.6 5.0 EVERY_STEEP 5.0
2026-09-21 11:10 pm 4.9 2.0 12.9 S 4.6 7.1 E STEEP 4.8
2026-09-21 10:40 pm 4.6 2.0 8.3ESE 4.3 7.1 ESE STEEP 4.8
2026-09-21 10:10 pm 4.3 2.3 7.1 E 3.6 4.8 E STEEP 4.5
2026-09-21 09:40 pm 3.9 2.0 7.7ESE 3.3 6.7 ESE STEEP 4.6
2026-09-21 09:10 pm 3.6 2.3 7.1 E 3.0 6.2 E AVERAGE 4.5
2026-09-21 08:40 pm 3.3 2.0 8.3ESE 2.6 5.3 E AVERAGE 4.4
2026-09-21 08:10 pm 3.3 2.3 7.1ESE 2.6 5.6 E AVERAGE 4.6
2026-09-21 07:40 pm 3.3 2.0 8.3ESE 2.6 4.2 E AVERAGE 4.7
2026-09-21 06:40 pm 3.3 2.6 7.1 E 2.0 4.8 E AVERAGE 4.9
2026-09-21 06:10 pm 3.0 2.3 5.9 E 2.0 4.2 E STEEP 4.6
2026-09-21 05:40 pm 3.3 2.6 7.1 E 2.0 4.3 E AVERAGE 4.6
2026-09-21 05:10 pm 3.3 2.6 7.1 E 2.0 4.2 E AVERAGE 4.6
2026-09-21 04:40 pm 3.3 2.3 7.7ESE 2.6 5.3 E AVERAGE 4.5
2026-09-21 04:10 pm 3.3 2.0 6.7 E 2.6 5.9 E AVERAGE 4.3
2026-09-21 03:40 pm 3.3 0.0-- 3.3 6.7 E AVERAGE 4.5
2026-09-21 03:10 pm 3.3 1.6 9.1 SE 3.0 6.2 ESE STEEP 4.3
2026-09-21 02:40 pm 3.3 1.6 6.7 E 3.0 5.9 E STEEP 4.2
2026-09-21 02:10 pm 3.6 1.3 7.7 SE 3.3 5.6 E STEEP 4.2
2026-09-21 01:40 pm 3.3 1.3 7.1 SE 3.3 5.3 EVERY_STEEP 4.2
2026-09-21 01:10 pm 3.6 1.3 11.4 W 3.3 4.2 ENEVERY_STEEP 4.0
2026-09-21 12:40 pm 3.3 1.3 11.4ENE 3.3 5.3 EVERY_STEEP 3.9
2026-09-21 12:10 pm 3.6 1.3 7.7ESE 3.3 4.5 EVERY_STEEP 3.9
2026-09-21 11:40 am 3.6 1.0 7.1ESE 3.3 4.8 ENEVERY_STEEP 4.0
2026-09-21 11:10 am 3.6 1.0 7.7SSE 3.6 4.8 ENEVERY_STEEP 4.0
2026-09-21 10:40 am 3.6 1.0 8.3 SE 3.6 4.8 ENEVERY_STEEP 4.0
2026-09-21 10:10 am 3.6 1.0 7.7SSE 3.6 4.8 ENEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 09:40 am 3.6 1.0 7.1 SE 3.6 4.3 ENEVERY_STEEP 3.9
2026-09-21 09:10 am 3.6 1.0 7.1 SE 3.3 4.0 NEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 08:40 am 3.6 1.0 7.7 SE 3.3 4.0 NEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 08:10 am 3.6 1.0 7.1 SE 3.3 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.9
2026-09-21 07:40 am 3.6 1.0 7.7SSE 3.3 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.7
2026-09-21 07:10 am 3.6 1.0 6.7ESE 3.6 4.0 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 06:40 am 3.6 1.0 7.1 SE 3.6 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 06:10 am 3.6 0.7 9.1 SE 3.6 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.8
2026-09-21 05:40 am 3.6 1.0 6.7ESE 3.3 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.7
2026-09-21 05:10 am 3.3 1.0 7.7SSE 3.3 3.8 NNEVERY_STEEP 3.7
2026-09-21 04:40 am 3.0 1.0 7.7 SE 3.0 3.6 NVERY_STEEP 3.6
2026-09-21 04:10 am 3.0 1.0 8.3 SE 3.0 3.4 NVERY_STEEP 3.7

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)