Station 46069 (LLNR 181.6) - SOUTH SANTA ROSA IS. CA Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 46069


Conditions at 46069 as of
(12:40 am PDT)
0740 GMT on 06/01/2023:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR): NW ( 310 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 17.5 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 23.3 kts
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):29.91 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 57.0 °F
5-day plot - Water Temperature Water Temperature (WTMP): 60.8 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 51.4 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 19.4 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 21.4 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (PDT)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
12:36 am 21.4 kts-
Previous observations
TIME
(PDT)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2023-06-01 12:30 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.2 60.8 51.6---
2023-06-01 12:20 am NW 17.5 21.4 6.9 146.3 S29.91- 57.0- 51.1---
2023-06-01 12:10 am NW 17.5 23.3----29.91- 57.0 61.0 51.3---
2023-06-01 12:00 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91+0.01 57.0 61.0 51.4---
2023-05-31 11:50 pm NW 17.5 21.4 6.9 116.4WNW29.91- 57.2- 52.0---
2023-05-31 11:40 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.2 61.2 52.0---
2023-05-31 11:30 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.4 61.2 52.2---
2023-05-31 11:20 pm NW 17.5 21.4 6.6 146.3 S29.91- 57.2 61.3 51.6---
2023-05-31 11:10 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.91- 57.0 61.3 51.4---
2023-05-31 11:00 pm NW 19.4 25.3----29.91+0.02 57.2 61.3 51.8---
2023-05-31 10:50 pm NW 19.4 21.4 6.6 146.2 S29.91- 57.2 61.3 51.8---
2023-05-31 10:40 pm NW 17.5 23.3----29.91- 57.2 61.2 52.0---
2023-05-31 10:30 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.2 61.2 51.8---
2023-05-31 10:20 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.9 116.1 NW29.91- 57.0 61.0 51.4---
2023-05-31 10:10 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.91- 57.2 61.0 51.8---
2023-05-31 10:00 pm NW 17.5 23.3----29.91+0.02 57.2 61.0 52.0---
2023-05-31 09:50 pm NW 17.5 23.3 6.2 155.8WNW29.91- 57.2 61.0 51.8---
2023-05-31 09:40 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.91- 57.2 61.0 52.0---
2023-05-31 09:30 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.2 60.8 51.8---
2023-05-31 09:20 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.9 145.9 SE29.91- 57.2 60.8 51.6---
2023-05-31 09:10 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.9-5.9 SE29.90- 57.2 60.6 51.6---
2023-05-31 09:00 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.90+0.01 57.2 60.4 51.4---
2023-05-31 08:50 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.6 155.8 S29.90- 57.4 60.4 51.6---
2023-05-31 08:40 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.6-5.8 S29.90- 57.4 60.4 51.8---
2023-05-31 08:30 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.90- 57.4 60.4 51.6---
2023-05-31 08:20 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.6 156.0 N29.90- 57.4 60.4 51.8---
2023-05-31 08:10 pm NW 17.5 23.3----29.90- 57.7 60.6 52.2---
2023-05-31 08:00 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.89+0.00 57.4 60.6 51.4---
2023-05-31 07:50 pm NW 19.4 23.3 5.9 155.5SSW29.89- 57.6 60.4 51.8---
2023-05-31 07:40 pm NW 19.4 21.4----29.89- 57.6 60.6 52.3---
2023-05-31 07:30 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.89- 57.6 60.6 52.3---
2023-05-31 07:20 pm NW 17.5 23.3 5.9 125.7 NW29.89- 57.6 60.8 52.0---
2023-05-31 07:10 pm NW 19.4 23.3 5.9-5.7 NW29.89- 57.6 60.8 52.3---
2023-05-31 07:00 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.89-0.02 57.7 60.8 52.7---
2023-05-31 06:50 pm NW 19.4 23.3 6.6 156.0WNW29.89- 57.6 60.8 52.3---
2023-05-31 06:40 pm NW 19.4 21.4----29.89- 57.6 60.8 52.2---
2023-05-31 06:30 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.89- 57.6 61.0 52.2---
2023-05-31 06:20 pm NW 17.5 23.3 5.9 155.6 N29.89- 57.7 61.0 52.2---
2023-05-31 06:10 pm NW 19.4 25.3 5.9-5.6 N29.89- 57.6 61.0 52.2---
2023-05-31 06:00 pm NW 19.4 23.3----29.89-0.03 57.9 61.0 52.7---
2023-05-31 05:50 pm NW 17.5 21.4 5.9 125.7WNW29.89- 57.7 61.0 52.2---
2023-05-31 05:40 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.90- 57.7 61.2 52.2---
2023-05-31 05:30 pm NW 17.5 23.3----29.90- 57.7 61.2 52.2---
2023-05-31 05:20 pm NW 17.5 23.3 5.6 155.6SSE29.89- 57.7 61.2 52.7---
2023-05-31 05:10 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.90- 57.9 61.2 52.5---
2023-05-31 05:00 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.90-0.03 57.7 61.2 52.5---
2023-05-31 04:50 pm NW 17.5 21.4 5.9 155.9 S29.90- 57.7 61.2 52.3---
2023-05-31 04:40 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.90- 57.9 61.3 52.3---
2023-05-31 04:00 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.6-6.0WSW29.91-0.01 57.9 61.3 52.5---
2023-05-31 03:50 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.6 156.0WSW29.91- 57.7 61.3 52.2---
2023-05-31 03:40 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.6 61.5 52.5---
2023-05-31 03:30 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.6 61.5 53.2---
2023-05-31 03:20 pm NW 17.5 21.4 5.2 135.9 SW29.91- 57.6 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 03:10 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.2-5.9 SW29.91- 57.4 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 03:00 pm NW 17.5 21.4----29.92+0.00 57.7 61.5 54.9---
2023-05-31 02:50 pmWNW 15.5 19.4 5.6 156.2SSW29.92- 58.1 61.5 54.5---
2023-05-31 02:40 pmWNW 15.5 17.5----29.92- 58.1 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 02:30 pmWNW 15.5 17.5----29.92- 57.9 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 02:20 pmWNW 15.5 19.4 4.9 146.0SSW29.92- 58.1 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 02:10 pmWNW 15.5 17.5 4.9-6.0SSW29.92- 57.9 61.5 52.9---
2023-05-31 02:00 pmWNW 15.5 19.4----29.92+0.01 57.9 61.5 52.3---
2023-05-31 01:50 pmWNW 15.5 21.4 5.6 156.4SSW29.92- 57.7 61.5 51.8---
2023-05-31 01:40 pmWNW 17.5 23.3----29.92- 57.7 61.5 51.6---
2023-05-31 01:30 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.92- 58.1 61.5 52.9---
2023-05-31 01:20 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.2 156.2 S29.91- 58.1 61.5 52.9---
2023-05-31 01:10 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.9 61.5 52.5---
2023-05-31 01:00 pmWNW 15.5 19.4----29.92+0.01 58.1 61.5 53.1---
2023-05-31 12:50 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.6 126.0WNW29.92- 57.9 61.5 53.2---
2023-05-31 12:40 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.92- 57.9 61.5 53.6---
2023-05-31 12:30 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.92- 57.9 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 12:20 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.6 155.7SSE29.92- 57.9 61.3 54.0---
2023-05-31 12:10 pmWNW 17.5 21.4 5.6-5.7SSE29.92- 57.9 61.5 53.6---
2023-05-31 12:00 pmWNW 17.5 21.4----29.92+0.01 57.7 61.5 53.6---
2023-05-31 11:50 amWNW 17.5 21.4 5.2 155.9SSE29.92- 57.6 61.3 53.8---
2023-05-31 11:40 amWNW 19.4 23.3 5.2-5.9SSE29.91- 57.6 61.3 54.0---
2023-05-31 11:30 amWNW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.7 61.3 54.3---
2023-05-31 11:20 amWNW 17.5 21.4 5.2 165.9 S29.91- 57.7 61.3 54.0---
2023-05-31 11:10 amWNW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.7 61.5 54.0---
2023-05-31 11:00 am NW 17.5 23.3----29.94+0.00 57.6 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 10:50 amWNW 17.5 21.4 5.2 155.8 S29.91- 57.6 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 10:40 am NW 17.5 23.3----29.91- 57.6 61.5 53.8---
2023-05-31 10:30 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.7 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 10:20 am NW 15.5 19.4 5.6 166.0 W29.91- 57.9 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 10:10 am NW 15.5 21.4 5.6-6.0 W29.91- 57.9 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 10:00 am NW 15.5 19.4----29.91+0.01 57.7 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 09:50 am NW 15.5 21.4 5.9 156.2SSE29.91- 57.6 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 09:40 am NW 15.5 21.4----29.91- 57.9 61.5 54.5---
2023-05-31 09:30 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.7 61.5 54.3---
2023-05-31 09:20 am NW 15.5 21.4 5.2 166.1SSE29.91- 57.7 61.7 54.1---
2023-05-31 09:10 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.9 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 09:00 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91+0.02 57.7 61.5 53.6---
2023-05-31 08:50 am NW 17.5 21.4 5.2 155.7 SE29.91- 58.1 61.5 54.0---
2023-05-31 08:40 am NW 15.5 21.4----29.91- 57.9 61.2 53.6---
2023-05-31 08:30 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.7 61.2 53.8---
2023-05-31 08:20 am NW 17.5 21.4 5.2 145.9SSE29.91- 57.7 61.3 53.8---
2023-05-31 08:10 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.91- 57.9 61.3 54.1---
2023-05-31 08:00 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.90+0.01 58.5 61.3 54.0---
2023-05-31 07:50 am NW 17.5 23.3 4.9 165.8 S29.91- 58.5 61.3 53.1---
2023-05-31 07:40 am NW 17.5 23.3----29.90- 58.5 61.3 52.5---
2023-05-31 07:30 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.90- 58.6 61.3 52.9---
2023-05-31 07:20 am NW 15.5 21.4 4.9 155.7SSE29.90- 58.3 61.5 52.7---
2023-05-31 07:10 am NW 17.5 23.3 4.9-5.7SSE29.90- 58.3 61.5 53.4---
2023-05-31 07:00 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.90+0.00 58.5 61.5 53.2---
2023-05-31 06:50 am NW 15.5 19.4 4.9 155.9 SW29.90- 58.6 61.5 53.1---
2023-05-31 06:40 am NW 17.5 21.4----29.90- 58.5 61.5 52.5---
2023-05-31 06:30 am NW 15.5 21.4----29.90- 58.5 61.5 53.1---
2023-05-31 06:20 am NW 15.5 19.4 4.6 146.1 S29.90- 58.5 61.5 53.2---
2023-05-31 06:10 am NW 15.5 19.4----29.89- 58.5 61.5 53.2---
2023-05-31 06:00 am NW 17.5 19.4----29.89-0.02 58.5 61.7 53.2---
2023-05-31 05:50 am NW 15.5 21.4 4.6 156.2 S29.89- 58.3 61.7 52.9---
2023-05-31 05:40 am NW 15.5 21.4----29.89- 58.5 61.7 53.8---
2023-05-31 05:30 am NW 15.5 17.5----29.89- 58.5 61.7 54.3---
2023-05-31 05:20 am NW 15.5 17.5 5.2 157.0 S29.89- 58.3 61.7 54.1---
2023-05-31 05:10 amWNW 15.5 17.5----29.91- 58.5- 54.3---
2023-05-31 05:00 am NW 15.5 17.5----29.89-0.02 58.5 61.7 54.1---
2023-05-31 04:50 am NW 15.5 19.4 5.2 167.1SSE29.89- 58.3 61.7 54.0---
2023-05-31 04:40 am NW 15.5 19.4----29.89- 58.5 61.7 54.1---
2023-05-31 04:30 am NW 13.6 17.5----29.89- 58.5 61.7 53.8---
2023-05-31 04:20 am NW 13.6 15.5 4.9 156.6 S29.90- 58.3 61.9 53.2---
2023-05-31 04:10 am NW 13.6 17.5 4.9-6.6 S29.90- 58.5 61.7 53.6---
2023-05-31 04:00 am NW 13.6 15.5----29.90-0.04 58.5 61.9 53.6---
2023-05-31 03:50 am NW 13.6 17.5 4.6 166.5SSW29.91- 58.5 61.9 53.4---
2023-05-31 03:40 am NW 13.6 17.5----29.91- 58.5 61.9 53.4---
2023-05-31 03:30 am NW 15.5 17.5----29.91- 58.5 61.9 53.2---
2023-05-31 03:20 am NW 13.6 17.5 4.6 166.6 W29.91- 58.6 61.9 54.1---
2023-05-31 03:10 am NW 15.5 19.4 4.6-6.6 W29.91- 58.5 61.9 53.6---
2023-05-31 03:00 am NW 15.5 19.4----29.91-0.04 58.5 61.9 53.8---
2023-05-31 02:50 am NW 13.6 17.5 4.3 166.7 S29.91- 58.5 61.9 54.3---
2023-05-31 02:40 amWNW 13.6 15.5----29.92- 58.5 61.9 54.9---
2023-05-31 02:30 amWNW 13.6 17.5----29.91- 58.5 61.9 55.0---
2023-05-31 02:20 amWNW 13.6 15.5 4.6 167.5 S29.92- 58.3 61.9 54.7---
2023-05-31 02:10 amWNW 13.6 17.5 4.6-7.5 S29.92- 58.3 61.9 54.5---
2023-05-31 02:00 amWNW 13.6 17.5----29.92-0.04 58.1 61.9 54.1---
2023-05-31 01:50 amWNW 13.6 17.5 4.6 167.3SSE29.92- 58.1 61.7 54.1---
2023-05-31 01:40 amWNW 13.6 15.5 4.6-7.3SSE29.93- 58.3 61.7 54.3---
2023-05-31 01:30 amWNW 13.6 17.5----29.93- 58.1- 53.6---
2023-05-31 01:20 amWNW 13.6 17.5 4.3-7.3 S29.95- 58.1 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 01:10 amWNW 13.6 17.5 4.3-7.3 S29.93- 58.1 61.5 54.1---
2023-05-31 01:00 amWNW 13.6 15.5----29.93-0.01 58.3 61.3 54.3---
2023-05-31 12:50 amWNW 13.6 17.5 4.3-7.4 SW29.96- 58.3 61.5 54.3---

Detailed Wave Summary
for 46069 as of (12:10 am PDT)
0710 GMT on 06/01/2023:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 6.9 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 4.6 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 13.8 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD): S
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 5.2 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 6.7 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD): NW
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS): AVERAGE
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 6.3 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(PDT)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2023-05-31 11:40 pm 6.9 4.6 11.4WNW 4.9 7.1 WNW AVERAGE 6.4
2023-05-31 11:10 pm 6.6 4.3 13.8 S 4.9 6.2 NW AVERAGE 6.3
2023-05-31 10:40 pm 6.6 4.3 13.8 S 5.2 6.2 NW AVERAGE 6.2
2023-05-31 10:10 pm 6.9 4.3 11.4 NW 5.2 5.9 NW AVERAGE 6.1
2023-05-31 09:40 pm 6.2 3.6 14.8WNW 4.9 5.6 NW AVERAGE 5.8
2023-05-31 09:10 pm 6.9 4.3 13.8 SE 5.2 5.9 NW AVERAGE 5.9
2023-05-31 08:40 pm 6.6 4.3 14.8 S 4.9 5.6 NW AVERAGE 5.8
2023-05-31 08:10 pm 6.6 4.6 14.8 N 4.9 5.9 NW AVERAGE 6.0
2023-05-31 07:40 pm 5.9 3.6 14.8SSW 4.6 5.6 NW AVERAGE 5.5
2023-05-31 07:10 pm 5.9 3.9 12.1 NW 4.3 5.3 NW AVERAGE 5.7
2023-05-31 06:40 pm 6.6 4.6 14.8WNW 4.6 5.6 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 06:10 pm 5.9 3.9 14.8 N 4.3 5.0 NW AVERAGE 5.6
2023-05-31 05:40 pm 5.9 4.3 12.1WNW 3.9 5.3 NW SWELL 5.7
2023-05-31 05:10 pm 5.6 3.9 14.8SSE 3.9 5.0 NW SWELL 5.6
2023-05-31 04:40 pm 5.9 4.3 14.8 S 3.9 5.3 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 04:10 pm 5.6 4.6 14.8WSW 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 03:40 pm 5.6 4.3 14.8WSW 3.6 5.6 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 03:10 pm 5.2 3.9 12.9 SW 3.3 5.0 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 02:40 pm 5.6 4.6 14.8SSW 3.6 4.8 NW SWELL 6.2
2023-05-31 02:10 pm 4.9 3.9 13.8SSW 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 01:40 pm 5.6 4.6 14.8SSW 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 6.4
2023-05-31 01:10 pm 5.2 4.3 14.8 S 3.3 4.3 NW SWELL 6.2
2023-05-31 12:40 pm 5.6 4.3 12.1WNW 3.6 5.0 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 12:10 pm 5.6 3.9 14.8SSE 3.6 4.5 NW SWELL 5.7
2023-05-31 11:40 am 5.2 3.9 14.8SSE 3.6 5.0 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 11:10 am 5.2 3.9 16.0 S 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 10:40 am 5.2 3.9 14.8 S 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 5.8
2023-05-31 10:10 am 5.6 4.3 16.0 W 3.6 5.0 NW SWELL 6.0
2023-05-31 09:40 am 5.9 4.6 14.8SSE 3.6 4.5 NW SWELL 6.2
2023-05-31 09:10 am 5.2 4.3 16.0SSE 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 6.1
2023-05-31 08:40 am 5.2 3.9 14.8 SE 3.3 4.8 NW SWELL 5.7
2023-05-31 08:10 am 5.2 4.3 13.8SSE 3.0 4.8 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 07:40 am 4.9 3.9 16.0 S 3.0 4.2 NW SWELL 5.8
2023-05-31 07:10 am 4.9 3.9 14.8SSE 3.0 4.3 NW SWELL 5.7
2023-05-31 06:40 am 4.9 3.9 14.8 SW 3.0 4.2 NW SWELL 5.9
2023-05-31 06:10 am 4.6 3.9 13.8 S 2.3 3.6 NW SWELL 6.1
2023-05-31 05:40 am 4.6 3.9 14.8 S 2.3 3.7 NW SWELL 6.2
2023-05-31 05:10 am 5.2 4.9 14.8 S 2.3 3.7 NW SWELL 7.0
2023-05-31 04:40 am 5.2 4.9 16.0SSE 2.3 3.7 NW SWELL 7.1
2023-05-31 04:10 am 4.9 4.3 14.8 S 2.3 3.7 NW SWELL 6.6
2023-05-31 03:40 am 4.6 3.9 16.0SSW 2.0 3.6 NW SWELL 6.5
2023-05-31 03:10 am 4.6 4.3 16.0 W 2.0 3.2 WNW SWELL 6.6
2023-05-31 02:40 am 4.3 3.9 16.0 S 1.6 3.3 NW SWELL 6.7
2023-05-31 02:10 am 4.6 4.3 16.0 S 1.6 3.2 NW SWELL 7.5
2023-05-31 01:40 am 4.6 4.3 16.0SSE 1.6 3.2 NW SWELL 7.3
2023-05-31 01:10 am 4.3 4.3 16.0 S 1.6 3.4 NW SWELL 7.3

Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)