Station 46053 (LLNR 196) - EAST SANTA BARBARA - 12NM Southwest of Santa Barbara, CA Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 46053


Conditions at 46053 as of
(8:40 am PST)
1640 GMT on 01/21/2026:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR):ESE ( 110 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 5.8 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 7.8 kts
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):30.04 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 58.6 °F
5-day plot - Water Temperature Water Temperature (WTMP): 60.8 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 56.7 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 5.8 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 5.8 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (PST)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
8:32 am 5.8 kts-
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2026-01-21 08:30 am E 5.8 7.8----30.03- 58.6 60.8 56.7---
2026-01-21 08:20 amENE 5.8 7.8 3.3 159.6 W30.03- 58.6 60.8 56.5---
2026-01-21 08:10 amENE 5.8 7.8 3.3-9.6 W30.02- 58.5 60.8 56.3---
2026-01-21 08:00 amENE 3.9 5.8----30.03+0.00 58.3 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 07:50 amENE 1.9 3.9 3.6 169.8WSW30.03- 58.5 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 07:40 am N 3.9 5.8----30.03- 58.5 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 07:30 amNNW 1.9 3.9----30.04- 58.5 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 07:20 amNNW 1.9 3.9 3.6 169.3 W30.04- 58.5 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 07:10 am NW 1.9 3.9 3.6-9.3 W30.03- 58.5 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 07:00 amNNW 1.9 1.9----30.03+0.00 58.5 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 06:50 am- 0.0 1.9 3.3 158.7WSW30.03- 58.5 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 06:40 am- 0.0 3.9 3.3-8.7WSW30.03- 58.5 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 06:30 amENE 1.9 3.9----30.02- 58.5 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 06:20 am E 1.9 3.9 3.9 1610.1 W30.02- 58.5 60.8 55.8---
2026-01-21 06:10 am E 1.9 3.9 3.9-10.1 W30.02- 58.6 60.8 55.9---
2026-01-21 06:00 am E 1.9 3.9----30.01-0.04 58.5 60.8 55.8---
2026-01-21 05:50 am SE 1.9 3.9 3.9 1510.3 W30.02- 58.6 60.8 56.1---
2026-01-21 05:40 am E 3.9 3.9----30.02- 58.8 60.8 56.5---
2026-01-21 05:30 am E 3.9 5.8----30.02- 58.8 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 05:20 amENE 3.9 5.8 3.3 119.8 W30.01- 58.8 61.0 57.0---
2026-01-21 05:10 am NE 1.9 3.9 3.3-9.8 W30.02- 58.6 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 05:00 am- 0.0 1.9----30.02-0.02 58.6 61.0 56.5---
2026-01-21 04:50 amENE 1.9 3.9 3.6 1610.8 W30.02- 58.6 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 04:40 am NE 1.9 3.9 3.6-10.8 W30.02- 58.6 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 04:30 am NE 3.9 5.8----30.03- 58.8 61.0 56.8---
2026-01-21 04:20 amNNE 1.9 3.9 3.3 119.8 W30.03- 58.8- 56.7---
2026-01-21 04:10 am N 1.9 3.9 3.3-9.8 W30.03- 58.8 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 04:00 am NW 1.9 3.9----30.04+0.01 59.0 61.0 56.8---
2026-01-21 03:50 amNNW 1.9 3.9 3.3 1610.0 W30.04- 58.8 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 03:40 amNNW 1.9 3.9----30.04- 58.8 61.0 56.5---
2026-01-21 03:30 amWNW 1.9 5.8----30.04- 58.8 61.0 56.5---
2026-01-21 03:20 amWNW 3.9 5.8 3.6 119.8 W30.05- 58.8 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 03:10 am W 3.9 7.8 3.6-9.8 W30.05- 59.0 61.0 57.0---
2026-01-21 03:00 amWNW 1.9 3.9----30.05+0.03 59.0 61.0 56.8---
2026-01-21 02:50 am- 0.0 1.9 3.9 1610.7 W30.05- 59.0 61.0 56.8---
2026-01-21 02:40 am W 1.9 3.9----30.05- 59.0 61.0 56.7---
2026-01-21 02:30 am W 3.9 5.8----30.05- 59.0 61.0 57.0---
2026-01-21 02:20 am W 3.9 5.8 3.6 169.6 W30.05- 59.0 61.0 57.2---
2026-01-21 02:10 am W 1.9 5.8 3.6-9.6 W30.04- 59.0 61.0 57.2---
2026-01-21 02:00 amWNW 1.9 3.9----30.04+0.02 59.0 61.0 57.4---
2026-01-21 01:50 amWNW 1.9 3.9 3.3-8.7 W30.04- 59.0 61.0 57.4---
2026-01-21 01:40 amWNW 3.9 5.8----30.04- 59.2 61.0 57.7---
2026-01-21 01:30 am W 3.9 5.8----30.04- 59.4 61.0 57.7---
2026-01-21 01:20 am W 5.8 9.7 3.3 119.4 W30.03- 59.5 61.0 57.6---
2026-01-21 01:10 am W 7.8 11.7 3.3-9.4 W30.04- 59.5 61.0 57.6---
2026-01-21 01:00 amWSW 9.7 11.7----30.03+0.02 59.4 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-21 12:50 amWSW 9.7 11.7 3.3 119.4 W30.03- 59.5 61.0 58.3---
2026-01-21 12:40 amWSW 9.7 11.7----30.03- 59.5 61.0 58.1---
2026-01-21 12:30 amWSW 11.7 13.6----30.02- 59.5 61.0 57.7---
2026-01-21 12:20 amWSW 11.7 13.6 3.0 119.2 W30.03- 59.7 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-21 12:10 am SW 11.7 15.5 3.0-9.2 W30.02- 59.7 61.0 57.7---
2026-01-21 12:00 am SW 9.7 11.7----30.03+0.02 59.5 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 11:50 pm SW 7.8 9.7 3.9 1210.2 W30.03- 59.9 61.0 59.7---
2026-01-20 11:40 pm SW 7.8 9.7 3.9-10.2 W30.02- 59.7 61.0 59.5---
2026-01-20 11:30 pm SW 5.8 9.7----30.02- 59.7 61.0 59.5---
2026-01-20 11:20 pmWSW 7.8 9.7 3.9-10.2 W-- 59.7 61.0 59.5---
2026-01-20 11:10 pmWSW 5.8 9.7 3.9-10.2 W30.02- 59.7 61.0 59.5---
2026-01-20 11:00 pm SW 3.9 5.8----30.02+0.04 59.9 61.0 59.5---
2026-01-20 10:50 pm SW 1.9 5.8 3.3 129.8 W30.02- 59.7 60.8 59.4---
2026-01-20 10:40 pm- 0.0 1.9----30.02- 59.7 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 10:30 pm- 0.0 1.9----30.02- 59.7 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 10:20 pm- 0.0 1.9 3.6 119.9 W30.01- 59.7 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 10:10 pmNNW 1.9 3.9 3.6-9.9 W30.01- 59.9 60.8 59.4---
2026-01-20 10:00 pm N 3.9 3.9----30.01+0.02 59.9 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 09:50 pmNNW 3.9 3.9 3.0 119.0 W30.01- 59.9 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 09:40 pmNNW 3.9 5.8----30.01- 59.9 60.8 59.0---
2026-01-20 09:30 pmNNW 3.9 5.8----30.01- 59.7 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 09:20 pmNNW 3.9 5.8 3.3 119.4 W30.01- 59.7 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 09:10 pmNNW 5.8 5.8 3.3-9.4 W30.00- 59.7 60.8 59.0---
2026-01-20 09:00 pm NW 5.8 5.8----30.01+0.01 59.9 60.8 59.2---
2026-01-20 08:50 pmNNW 3.9 5.8 3.6 129.7 W30.00- 59.9 60.8 59.0---
2026-01-20 08:40 pm N 3.9 5.8 3.6-9.7 W29.99- 59.7 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 08:30 pm N 3.9 3.9----29.99- 59.4 60.8 58.5---
2026-01-20 08:20 pm NW 1.9 3.9 3.6 129.7 W29.99- 59.4 60.8 58.6---
2026-01-20 08:10 pmWNW 1.9 3.9 3.6-9.7 W29.99- 59.4 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 08:00 pm- 0.0 1.9----29.98-0.02 59.4 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 07:50 pm S 1.9 1.9 3.6 129.5 W29.98- 59.4 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 07:40 pm S 1.9 1.9----29.98- 59.4 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 07:30 pm S 1.9 3.9----29.99- 59.4 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 07:20 pm S 1.9 1.9 3.3 139.2 W29.98- 59.4 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 07:10 pm S 1.9 1.9 3.3-9.2 W29.99- 59.4 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 07:00 pm S 1.9 1.9----29.99-0.02 59.4 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 06:50 pmSSW 3.9 3.9 3.3 179.7 W30.00- 59.5 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 06:40 pm S 3.9 3.9----30.00- 59.5 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 06:30 pm S 3.9 3.9----30.00- 59.7 61.0 59.0---
2026-01-20 06:20 pmSSE 3.9 3.9 3.6 129.3 W30.00- 59.7 60.8 59.0---
2026-01-20 06:10 pmSSE 3.9 5.8 3.6-9.3 W30.00- 59.7 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 06:00 pmSSE 3.9 3.9----30.00-0.01 59.5 60.8 58.6---
2026-01-20 05:50 pmSSE 3.9 3.9 3.9 129.9 W30.00- 59.5 60.8 58.6---
2026-01-20 05:40 pmSSE 1.9 3.9----30.00- 59.5 60.8 58.6---
2026-01-20 05:30 pm S 1.9 3.9----30.00- 59.7 60.8 58.8---
2026-01-20 05:20 pm S 1.9 3.9 3.6 139.8 W30.01- 59.7 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 05:10 pm SW 1.9 5.8 3.6-9.8 W30.01- 59.9 61.0 58.8---
2026-01-20 05:00 pm W 1.9 3.9----30.00-0.01 59.9 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 04:50 pm W 3.9 5.8 3.6 1110.0 W30.01- 60.1 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 04:40 pmWSW 5.8 7.8----30.01- 60.4 61.0 58.6---
2026-01-20 04:30 pmWSW 3.9 7.8----30.01- 60.3 61.0 58.5---
2026-01-20 04:20 pm W 3.9 5.8 3.9-10.2 W30.01- 59.9 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-20 04:10 pmWSW 5.8 7.8 3.9-10.2 W30.01- 59.9 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-20 04:00 pm W 5.8 7.8----30.01-0.01 59.9 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-20 03:50 pm W 3.9 7.8 3.3 119.2WSW30.01- 59.9 61.2 58.1---
2026-01-20 03:40 pmWSW 5.8 9.7----30.01- 60.1 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-20 03:30 pm W 7.8 9.7----30.01- 60.1 61.0 58.1---
2026-01-20 03:20 pm W 5.8 7.8 4.3 1310.1 W30.01- 59.9 61.0 57.9---
2026-01-20 03:10 pm W 5.8 9.7 4.3-10.1 W30.01- 59.4 61.0 58.1---
2026-01-20 03:00 pm W 7.8 9.7----30.01-0.02 58.8 61.0 58.1---
2026-01-20 02:50 pmWNW 7.8 9.7 3.6 139.5WSW30.01- 58.3- 58.1---
2026-01-20 02:40 pm W 7.8 9.7 3.6-9.5WSW30.01- 58.1 61.2----
2026-01-20 02:30 pmWNW 9.7 11.7----30.01- 58.1 61.2----
2026-01-20 02:20 pm W 9.7 11.7 3.3 139.7 W30.01- 57.9 61.2----
2026-01-20 02:10 pmWNW 9.7 11.7 3.3-9.7 W30.01- 57.2 61.0----
2026-01-20 02:00 pm W 9.7 11.7----30.01-0.06 57.0 61.0----
2026-01-20 01:50 pm W 7.8 9.7 3.6 149.2 W30.01- 57.0 61.2----
2026-01-20 01:40 pm W 7.8 11.7----30.01- 56.8 61.2----
2026-01-20 01:30 pm W 7.8 11.7----30.02- 56.8 61.3----
2026-01-20 01:20 pmWSW 9.7 11.7 3.9 129.8 W30.02- 57.6 61.3----
2026-01-20 01:10 pmWSW 7.8 11.7 3.9-9.8 W30.02- 58.1 61.3----
2026-01-20 01:00 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.02-0.04 58.3 61.3----
2026-01-20 12:50 pm W 3.9 5.8 3.3 138.4 W30.02- 58.1 61.2----
2026-01-20 12:40 pmWNW 3.9 5.8----30.02- 57.6 61.2----
2026-01-20 12:30 pm NW 3.9 5.8----30.02- 57.2 61.2----
2026-01-20 12:20 pmWNW 3.9 5.8 3.6-9.8 W-- 56.8 61.2----
2026-01-20 12:10 pm W 1.9 3.9 3.6-9.8 W30.03- 56.7 61.0----
2026-01-20 12:00 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.03-0.01 56.5 61.0----
2026-01-20 11:50 am W 5.8 5.8 3.3 139.8 W30.04- 56.5 61.0----
2026-01-20 11:40 am W 5.8 7.8----30.05- 56.5 61.0----
2026-01-20 11:30 amWSW 5.8 7.8----30.06- 56.5 61.2----
2026-01-20 11:20 am W 5.8 7.8 3.6 129.6 W30.06- 56.7 61.2----
2026-01-20 11:10 amWSW 5.8 7.8 3.6-9.6 W30.07- 56.8 61.2----
2026-01-20 11:00 amWSW 5.8 7.8----30.07+0.04 56.7 61.2----
2026-01-20 10:50 amWSW 3.9 5.8 3.0 139.1 W30.06- 56.3 61.2----
2026-01-20 10:40 am SW 3.9 5.8----30.06- 56.5 61.2----
2026-01-20 10:30 am SW 5.8 7.8----30.07- 57.0 61.0----
2026-01-20 10:20 amWSW 3.9 5.8 3.3 149.2 W30.07- 56.8 61.0----
2026-01-20 10:10 amWSW 3.9 3.9 3.3-9.2 W30.07- 56.7 61.0----
2026-01-20 10:00 amWSW 3.9 3.9----30.06+0.05 56.5 61.0----
2026-01-20 09:50 amWNW 1.9 3.9 3.3 129.2 W30.06- 56.3 60.8----
2026-01-20 09:40 amWNW 5.8 5.8 3.3-9.2 W30.05- 56.7 60.8----
2026-01-20 09:30 am W 5.8 7.8----30.05- 56.7 60.8----
2026-01-20 09:20 am NW 1.9 3.9 3.3 129.2 W30.05- 56.7 60.8----
2026-01-20 09:10 amNNW 1.9 3.9 3.3-9.2 W30.04- 56.7 60.6----
2026-01-20 09:00 am NW 1.9 3.9----30.04+0.05 56.7 60.6----
2026-01-20 08:50 amWNW 1.9 3.9 3.0 149.1 W30.04- 56.3 60.4----

Wave Summary
for 46053 as of (8:10 am PST)
1610 GMT on 01/21/2026:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 3.3 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 3.3 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 14.8 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD): W
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 0.7 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 3.7 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD): W
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS): SWELL
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 9.6 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2026-01-21 07:40 am 3.6 3.6 16.0WSW 0.7 3.1 WSW SWELL 9.8
2026-01-21 07:10 am 3.6 3.3 16.0 W 0.7 3.0 SW SWELL 9.3
2026-01-21 06:40 am 3.3 3.0 14.8WSW 0.7 2.9 SSE SWELL 8.7
2026-01-21 06:10 am 3.9 3.9 16.0 W 0.7 2.9 ENE SWELL 10.1
2026-01-21 05:40 am 3.9 3.9 14.8 W 0.7 4.0 WSW SWELL 10.3
2026-01-21 05:10 am 3.3 3.3 11.4 W 0.7 4.0 WSW SWELL 9.8
2026-01-21 04:40 am 3.6 3.6 16.0 W 0.3 4.0 W SWELL 10.8
2026-01-21 04:10 am 3.3 3.3 10.8 W 0.3 3.6 W SWELL 9.8
2026-01-21 03:40 am 3.3 3.0 16.0 W 0.3 3.6 W SWELL 10.0
2026-01-21 03:10 am 3.6 3.6 11.4 W 0.3 2.9 WNW SWELL 9.8
2026-01-21 02:40 am 3.9 3.9 16.0 W 0.3 4.0 W SWELL 10.7
2026-01-21 02:10 am 3.6 3.6 16.0 W 0.7 3.4 W SWELL 9.6
2026-01-21 01:40 am 3.3 3.0 16.0 W 0.7 4.0 W SWELL 8.7
2026-01-21 01:10 am 3.3 3.3 11.4 W 0.7 3.4 WSW SWELL 9.4
2026-01-21 12:40 am 3.3 3.3 11.4 W 0.7 4.3 W SWELL 9.4
2026-01-21 12:10 am 3.0 3.0 11.4 W 0.7 5.6 SW SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 11:40 pm 3.9 3.9 12.1 W 0.7 3.4 WSW SWELL 10.2
2026-01-20 11:10 pm 3.9 3.9 10.8 W 0.7 3.7 WSW SWELL 10.2
2026-01-20 10:40 pm 3.3 3.3 12.1 W 0.7 3.8 WSW SWELL 9.8
2026-01-20 10:10 pm 3.6 3.6 11.4 W 0.7 3.4 WSW SWELL 9.9
2026-01-20 09:40 pm 3.0 3.0 11.4 W 0.7 3.6 WSW SWELL 9.0
2026-01-20 09:10 pm 3.3 3.3 11.4 W 0.7 3.7 W SWELL 9.4
2026-01-20 08:40 pm 3.6 3.6 12.1 W 0.7 3.3 W SWELL 9.7
2026-01-20 08:10 pm 3.6 3.3 12.1 W 0.7 3.7 W SWELL 9.7
2026-01-20 07:40 pm 3.6 3.3 12.1 W 0.7 3.8 W SWELL 9.5
2026-01-20 07:10 pm 3.3 3.3 12.9 W 0.7 4.0 W SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 06:40 pm 3.3 3.3 17.4 W 0.7 3.0 W SWELL 9.7
2026-01-20 06:10 pm 3.6 3.6 12.1 W 0.7 4.0 WSW SWELL 9.3
2026-01-20 05:40 pm 3.9 3.9 12.1 W 0.7 4.0 WSW SWELL 9.9
2026-01-20 05:10 pm 3.6 3.3 12.9 W 0.7 3.3 W SWELL 9.8
2026-01-20 04:40 pm 3.6 3.6 11.4 W 0.7 3.8 W SWELL 10.0
2026-01-20 04:10 pm 3.9 3.9 12.9 W 0.7 3.1 W SWELL 10.2
2026-01-20 03:40 pm 3.3 3.3 11.4WSW 0.7 3.7 WSW SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 03:10 pm 4.3 4.3 12.9 W 0.7 3.8 WSW SWELL 10.1
2026-01-20 02:40 pm 3.6 3.6 12.9WSW 0.7 3.8 W SWELL 9.5
2026-01-20 02:10 pm 3.3 3.3 12.9 W 0.7 3.8 W SWELL 9.7
2026-01-20 01:40 pm 3.6 3.3 13.8 W 0.7 3.1 WSW SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 01:10 pm 3.9 3.6 12.1 W 0.7 4.8 W SWELL 9.8
2026-01-20 12:40 pm 3.3 3.3 12.9 W 1.0 3.2 S SWELL 8.4
2026-01-20 12:10 pm 3.6 3.6 12.1 W 0.7 3.8 WSW SWELL 9.8
2026-01-20 11:40 am 3.3 3.3 12.9 W 0.7 4.0 W SWELL 9.8
2026-01-20 11:10 am 3.6 3.6 12.1 W 0.7 3.1 WSW SWELL 9.6
2026-01-20 10:40 am 3.0 3.0 12.9 W 0.7 3.7 W SWELL 9.1
2026-01-20 10:10 am 3.3 3.0 13.8 W 0.7 3.8 W SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 09:40 am 3.3 3.3 12.1 W 0.7 3.8 SW SWELL 9.2
2026-01-20 09:10 am 3.3 3.0 12.1 W 0.7 3.8 WSW SWELL 9.2

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)