Station 46053 (LLNR 196) - EAST SANTA BARBARA - 12NM Southwest of Santa Barbara, CA Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 46053


Conditions at 46053 as of
(7:00 am PST)
1500 GMT on 02/03/2026:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR): NE ( 50 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 1.9 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 5.8 kts
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):30.14 in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency Pressure Tendency (PTDY):+0.01 in ( Rising )
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 55.8 °F
5-day plot - Water Temperature Water Temperature (WTMP): 61.2 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 1.9 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 1.9 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (PST)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
6:57 am 3.9 kts-
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2026-02-03 06:50 amENE 1.9 5.8 6.2 159.0 W30.14- 56.1 61.3----
2026-02-03 06:40 am E 1.9 3.9----30.14- 55.9 61.3----
2026-02-03 06:30 am- 0.0 1.9----30.14- 56.1 61.3----
2026-02-03 06:20 amESE 1.9 3.9 7.2 1310.1 W30.14- 56.3 61.3----
2026-02-03 06:10 am E 1.9 3.9 7.2-10.1 W30.14- 56.3 61.5----
2026-02-03 06:00 amESE 1.9 3.9----30.14+0.01 56.7 61.5----
2026-02-03 05:50 am SE 1.9 3.9 6.9 149.8 W30.14- 56.7 61.5----
2026-02-03 05:40 amESE 1.9 5.8----30.14- 56.8 61.5----
2026-02-03 05:30 amESE 3.9 5.8----30.14- 57.6 61.5 57.6---
2026-02-03 05:20 amESE 3.9 7.8 7.5 1410.1 W30.14- 58.1 61.5 58.1---
2026-02-03 05:10 amESE 3.9 7.8 7.5-10.1 W30.14- 59.0 61.5 58.8---
2026-02-03 05:00 am E 3.9 5.8----30.13+0.00 59.7 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-03 04:50 amENE 3.9 5.8----30.13- 59.7 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 04:40 am NE 3.9 5.8----30.14- 59.9 61.5 59.5---
2026-02-03 04:30 am-------30.13-- 61.5----
2026-02-03 04:20 am NE 3.9 5.8----30.13- 59.9- 59.2---
2026-02-03 04:10 am NE 3.9 5.8----30.13- 59.9 61.5 59.0---
2026-02-03 04:00 amNNE 5.8 7.8----30.13+0.00 59.9 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 03:50 am NE 3.9 5.8 7.2 1510.3 W30.13- 59.9- 59.2---
2026-02-03 03:40 amNNE 3.9 5.8 7.2-10.3 W30.13- 59.9 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 03:30 am NE 1.9 5.8----30.12- 60.1 61.5 59.5---
2026-02-03 03:20 am NE 1.9 5.8 7.5 1410.0 W30.12- 60.3 61.5 59.5---
2026-02-03 03:10 am NE 1.9 5.8 7.5-10.0 W30.12- 60.1 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-03 03:00 am E 1.9 3.9----30.13+0.00 60.1 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-03 02:50 amENE 1.9 5.8 7.2 159.9 W30.13- 60.3 61.5 59.5---
2026-02-03 02:40 am E 1.9 3.9 7.2-9.9 W30.13- 60.3 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-03 02:30 am- 0.0 3.9----30.13- 60.3 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-03 02:20 amSSE 1.9 5.8 7.5 1410.1 W30.14- 60.3 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 02:10 am- 0.0 3.9 7.5-10.1 W30.14- 60.3 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 02:00 am E 1.9 3.9----30.14+0.02 60.3 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 01:50 am- 0.0 1.9 7.2 1510.0 W30.14- 60.3 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 01:40 am- 0.0 1.9----30.14- 60.4 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-03 01:30 am N 1.9 3.9----30.14- 60.8 61.7 59.4---
2026-02-03 01:20 am N 1.9 3.9 6.9 159.9 W30.13- 60.6 61.7 58.8---
2026-02-03 01:10 amNNW 1.9 3.9----30.14- 60.4 61.9 58.6---
2026-02-03 01:00 amNNW 3.9 5.8----30.13+0.03 60.4 61.9 58.8---
2026-02-03 12:50 am N 1.9 3.9 7.9-10.3 W30.13- 60.6 61.9 59.0---
2026-02-03 12:40 am N 3.9 5.8 7.9-10.3 W30.13- 60.4 61.9 58.8---
2026-02-03 12:30 am N 1.9 5.8----30.13- 60.3 61.9 58.8---
2026-02-03 12:20 am N 1.9 3.9 6.9-9.4 W30.13-- 61.7----
2026-02-03 12:10 am N 1.9 5.8 6.9-9.4 W30.13- 60.6 61.7 59.4---
2026-02-03 12:00 amNNE 1.9 5.8----30.12- 60.8 61.7 59.4---
2026-02-02 11:50 pm NE 1.9 3.9 7.5 149.8 W30.12- 60.8 61.7 59.0---
2026-02-02 11:40 pm NE 1.9 5.8----30.13- 60.8 61.7 58.6---
2026-02-02 11:30 pm E 1.9 5.8----30.12- 61.0 61.5 57.9---
2026-02-02 11:20 pm E 1.9 3.9 8.2 1410.5 W30.12- 60.8 61.5 57.4---
2026-02-02 11:10 pmESE 1.9 3.9 8.2-10.5 W30.12- 60.6 61.5 57.6---
2026-02-02 11:00 pmSSE 1.9 3.9----30.11+0.05 60.6 61.5 57.7---
2026-02-02 10:50 pm SE 1.9 3.9 6.9-9.4WNW30.11-- 61.3----
2026-02-02 10:40 pmSSE 1.9 5.8 6.9-9.4WNW30.11- 60.8 61.3 57.7---
2026-02-02 10:30 pm SE 1.9 3.9----30.11- 60.4 61.3 57.2---
2026-02-02 10:20 pm SE 1.9 3.9 8.2 1410.1 W30.11- 60.4 61.3 57.7---
2026-02-02 10:10 pm SE 1.9 5.8----30.10- 60.4 61.2 58.3---
2026-02-02 10:00 pmESE 1.9 3.9----30.10+0.04 60.3- 58.3---
2026-02-02 09:50 pm E 1.9 3.9 8.2 1510.4 W30.10- 60.3 61.2 58.5---
2026-02-02 09:40 pm- 0.0 1.9----30.10- 60.4 61.2 58.6---
2026-02-02 09:30 pm- 0.0 3.9----30.10- 60.4 61.2 58.6---
2026-02-02 09:20 pm- 0.0 1.9 7.9 1510.1WNW30.09- 60.4 61.2 58.5---
2026-02-02 09:10 pm- 0.0 1.9 7.9-10.1WNW30.09- 60.4 61.2 58.3---
2026-02-02 09:00 pmSSE 1.9 5.8----30.09+0.02 60.6 61.3 58.5---
2026-02-02 08:50 pmSSE 1.9 3.9 8.5 1510.5 W30.08- 60.6 61.3 58.3---
2026-02-02 08:40 pmSSE 3.9 3.9----30.08- 60.8 61.5 58.3---
2026-02-02 08:30 pm S 3.9 5.8----30.08- 60.8 61.3 58.1---
2026-02-02 08:20 pmSSE 5.8 7.8 8.5 1410.2 W30.08- 61.0 61.5 58.6---
2026-02-02 08:10 pm S 3.9 5.8 8.5-10.2 W30.07- 61.0 61.3 58.6---
2026-02-02 08:00 pm S 3.9 5.8----30.07+0.02 60.8 61.3 58.5---
2026-02-02 07:50 pmSSW 3.9 5.8 7.9 159.6 W30.07- 60.8 61.5 58.8---
2026-02-02 07:40 pmSSW 3.9 5.8----30.06- 61.2 61.3 59.4---
2026-02-02 07:30 pmSSW 3.9 5.8----30.06- 61.0 61.5 59.0---
2026-02-02 07:20 pmSSW 3.9 5.8 7.9 169.5 W30.07- 61.2 61.5 59.4---
2026-02-02 07:10 pm S 5.8 5.8 7.9-9.5 W30.06- 61.2 61.5 59.5---
2026-02-02 07:00 pmSSW 3.9 5.8----30.06+0.02 61.3 61.3 59.9---
2026-02-02 06:50 pm SW 3.9 5.8 7.9 159.6WNW30.06- 61.3 61.3 59.9---
2026-02-02 06:40 pm SW 3.9 5.8 7.9-9.6WNW30.06- 61.5 61.3 59.9---
2026-02-02 06:30 pm SW 1.9 3.9----30.06- 61.5 61.3 59.7---
2026-02-02 06:20 pm SW 3.9 5.8 8.5 1510.1 W30.06- 61.7 61.2 59.9---
2026-02-02 06:10 pmWSW 3.9 5.8 8.5-10.1 W30.06- 61.7 61.3 59.7---
2026-02-02 06:00 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.06+0.03 61.7 61.3 59.4---
2026-02-02 05:50 pm W 3.9 5.8 7.5 149.1 W30.06- 61.7 61.5 59.2---
2026-02-02 05:40 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.05- 62.1 61.7 59.2---
2026-02-02 05:30 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.05- 62.2 61.9 58.6---
2026-02-02 05:20 pm W 1.9 3.9 8.2 159.7 W30.05- 62.6 61.9 58.6---
2026-02-02 05:10 pmWSW 1.9 3.9----30.05- 63.0 62.1 59.4---
2026-02-02 05:00 pm W 1.9 5.8----30.05+0.02 63.1 62.1 59.0---
2026-02-02 04:50 pm W 1.9 5.8 8.2 169.8 W30.05- 63.3 61.9 58.5---
2026-02-02 04:40 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.05- 63.3 62.1 57.2---
2026-02-02 04:30 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.05- 63.1 62.1 56.8---
2026-02-02 04:20 pmWNW 3.9 5.8 8.5 1610.3 W30.05- 63.3 62.4 57.0---
2026-02-02 04:10 pm W 3.9 5.8 8.5-10.3 W30.05- 63.7 62.2 56.8---
2026-02-02 04:00 pm W 1.9 5.8----30.05+0.00 63.9 62.4 56.1---
2026-02-02 03:50 pm W 1.9 3.9 9.5 1510.8 W30.05- 64.2 62.6 55.9---
2026-02-02 03:40 pmWNW 1.9 3.9----30.05-------
2026-02-02 03:30 pm NW 1.9 3.9----30.04- 63.7 63.0 56.1---
2026-02-02 03:20 pmWNW 1.9 5.8 8.5 1610.3 W30.04- 63.9 63.3 56.3---
2026-02-02 03:10 pmWNW 1.9 5.8 8.5-10.3 W30.04- 63.9 63.1 55.4---
2026-02-02 03:00 pmWNW 3.9 5.8----30.04-0.02 63.7 63.0 54.7---
2026-02-02 02:50 pmWNW 3.9 7.8 9.2 1510.5 W30.04- 63.9 62.8 54.9---
2026-02-02 02:40 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.04- 64.0 63.1 54.3---
2026-02-02 02:30 pm W 3.9 5.8----30.03- 64.6 63.5 53.6---
2026-02-02 02:20 pmWSW 1.9 3.9 9.2-10.6 W30.03-- 63.5----
2026-02-02 02:10 pm- 0.0 3.9 9.2-10.6 W30.03- 64.6 63.1 53.1---
2026-02-02 02:00 pmWSW 1.9 3.9----30.03-0.04 64.2 63.5 53.6---
2026-02-02 01:50 pm SW 1.9 3.9 8.9 1510.2 W30.03- 63.9 63.1 53.1---
2026-02-02 01:40 pmSSW 1.9 3.9----30.03- 63.7 63.3 52.7---
2026-02-02 01:30 pmSSW 1.9 3.9----30.03- 63.9 63.0 52.3---
2026-02-02 01:20 pm S 1.9 1.9 8.2 159.9 W30.04- 63.9 63.9 52.3---
2026-02-02 01:10 pmSSW 1.9 3.9----30.04- 63.5 62.8 52.2---
2026-02-02 01:00 pm SW 1.9 3.9----30.04-0.02 63.5 62.6 52.7---
2026-02-02 12:50 pmWSW 1.9 3.9 8.2 159.8 W30.05- 63.9 63.1 52.9---
2026-02-02 12:40 pmWSW 1.9 3.9 8.2-9.8 W30.05- 64.0 62.6 52.2---
2026-02-02 12:30 pm- 0.0 1.9----30.05- 63.9 63.5 51.4---
2026-02-02 12:20 pm S 1.9 3.9 9.2 1610.3 W30.05- 63.7 62.8 51.6---
2026-02-02 12:10 pmSSE 1.9 5.8 9.2-10.3 W30.06- 63.7 62.6 51.3---
2026-02-02 12:00 pmSSE 1.9 3.9----30.06- 63.9 62.6 51.6---
2026-02-02 11:50 am- 0.0 1.9 9.2 1610.7 W30.06- 63.9 62.6 51.1---
2026-02-02 11:40 am--- 9.2 1610.7 W--------
2026-02-02 11:30 amESE 1.9 3.9----30.07- 63.3 62.4 51.1---
2026-02-02 11:20 amESE 1.9 5.8 9.8 1510.9 W30.07- 63.1 62.2 50.7---
2026-02-02 11:10 am E 1.9 5.8 9.8-10.9 W30.07- 63.0 62.1 52.0---
2026-02-02 11:00 am- 0.0 3.9----30.07+0.04 63.1 62.1 54.5---
2026-02-02 10:50 am- 0.0 1.9 7.5-10.0 W30.07- 62.8 61.9 55.0---
2026-02-02 10:40 am--- 7.5 1510.0 W--------
2026-02-02 10:30 am SE 3.9 5.8----30.07- 62.1 61.7 55.0---
2026-02-02 10:20 amESE 3.9 7.8 9.2 1510.7 W30.06- 61.9 61.7 55.2---
2026-02-02 10:10 amESE 3.9 7.8 9.2-10.7 W30.06- 61.7 61.5 57.2---
2026-02-02 10:00 amESE 3.9 7.8----30.06+0.05 62.1 61.5 57.9---
2026-02-02 09:50 amESE 3.9 7.8 8.5 1610.3 W30.06- 62.6 61.3 56.7---
2026-02-02 09:40 am E 1.9 5.8----30.06- 63.0 61.3 56.5---
2026-02-02 09:30 am E 1.9 5.8----30.06- 63.1 61.2 55.8---
2026-02-02 09:20 am E 1.9 3.9 7.5 1510.2 W30.05- 62.8 61.2 56.5---
2026-02-02 09:10 am E 1.9 5.8 7.5-10.2 W30.05- 62.8 61.0 55.4---
2026-02-02 09:00 am NE 1.9 5.8----30.05+0.05 62.2 61.0 56.1---
2026-02-02 08:50 am NE 1.9 3.9 8.5 1410.4 W30.04- 62.1 61.0 56.8---
2026-02-02 08:40 amENE 3.9 7.8----30.04- 61.9 60.8 56.5---
2026-02-02 08:30 amENE 3.9 7.8----30.03- 61.5 60.8 56.5---
2026-02-02 08:20 am NE 3.9 7.8 8.2-10.3 W30.03-- 60.6----
2026-02-02 08:10 am NE 3.9 7.8 8.2-10.3 W30.03- 61.3 60.6 57.0---
2026-02-02 08:00 am NE 3.9 7.8----30.03+0.03 61.5 60.6 57.2---
2026-02-02 07:50 amENE 3.9 7.8 7.9 169.8 W30.02- 61.3 60.6 57.2---
2026-02-02 07:40 amENE 3.9 7.8----30.02- 61.2 60.8 56.8---
2026-02-02 07:30 am NE 3.9 7.8----30.02- 60.8 60.8 56.5---
2026-02-02 07:20 am NE 5.8 7.8 6.9 169.0 W30.02- 60.6 60.8 57.2---
2026-02-02 07:10 amNNE 5.8 9.7 6.9-9.0 W30.02- 60.6 60.8 57.6---
2026-02-02 07:00 amNNE 5.8 7.8----30.01+0.03 61.3 60.8 57.7---
2026-02-02 06:50 am E 7.8 11.7 7.5 169.6 W30.01- 61.3 60.8 57.4---

Wave Summary
for 46053 as of (6:40 am PST)
1440 GMT on 02/03/2026:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 6.2 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 6.2 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 14.8 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD): W
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 1.0 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 3.7 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD): W
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS): SWELL
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 9.0 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2026-02-03 06:10 am 7.2 7.2 12.9 W 0.7 3.6 WSW SWELL 10.1
2026-02-03 05:40 am 6.9 6.6 13.8 W 1.0 3.3 SW SWELL 9.8
2026-02-03 05:10 am 7.5 7.5 13.8 W 0.7 3.7 WSW SWELL 10.1
2026-02-03 03:40 am 7.2 7.2 14.8 W 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 10.3
2026-02-03 03:10 am 7.5 7.5 13.8 W 0.7 3.4 WSW SWELL 10.0
2026-02-03 02:40 am 7.2 7.2 14.8 W 1.0 2.9 SW SWELL 9.9
2026-02-03 02:10 am 7.5 7.5 13.8 W 1.0 3.8 WSW SWELL 10.1
2026-02-03 01:40 am 7.2 7.2 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 WSW SWELL 10.0
2026-02-03 01:10 am 6.9 6.9 14.8 W 1.0 3.6 WSW SWELL 9.9
2026-02-03 12:40 am 7.9 7.9 13.8 W 1.0 3.8 W SWELL 10.3
2026-02-03 12:10 am 6.9 6.9 12.1 W 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 9.4
2026-02-02 11:40 pm 7.5 7.5 13.8 W 1.0 3.7 WSW SWELL 9.8
2026-02-02 11:10 pm 8.2 8.2 13.8 W 1.0 3.7 WSW SWELL 10.5
2026-02-02 10:40 pm 6.9 6.9 14.8WNW 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 9.4
2026-02-02 10:10 pm 8.2 7.9 13.8 W 1.0 3.8 W SWELL 10.1
2026-02-02 09:40 pm 8.2 8.2 14.8 W 1.0 3.4 WSW SWELL 10.4
2026-02-02 09:10 pm 7.9 7.9 14.8WNW 1.0 3.6 W SWELL 10.1
2026-02-02 08:40 pm 8.5 8.5 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.5
2026-02-02 08:10 pm 8.5 8.5 13.8 W 1.0 3.6 W SWELL 10.2
2026-02-02 07:40 pm 7.9 7.9 14.8 W 1.3 3.6 WSW SWELL 9.6
2026-02-02 07:10 pm 7.9 7.9 16.0 W 1.0 3.8 W SWELL 9.5
2026-02-02 06:40 pm 7.9 7.9 14.8WNW 1.3 3.8 W SWELL 9.6
2026-02-02 06:10 pm 8.5 8.5 14.8 W 1.3 3.8 W SWELL 10.1
2026-02-02 05:40 pm 7.5 7.2 13.8 W 1.3 3.8 W SWELL 9.1
2026-02-02 05:10 pm 8.2 8.2 14.8 W 1.3 3.2 W SWELL 9.7
2026-02-02 04:40 pm 8.2 8.2 16.0 W 1.3 4.0 W SWELL 9.8
2026-02-02 04:10 pm 8.5 8.2 16.0 W 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 10.3
2026-02-02 03:40 pm 9.5 9.5 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.8
2026-02-02 03:10 pm 8.5 8.5 16.0 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.3
2026-02-02 02:40 pm 9.2 9.2 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.5
2026-02-02 02:10 pm 9.2 9.2 14.8 W 1.3 3.6 W SWELL 10.6
2026-02-02 01:40 pm 8.9 8.5 14.8 W 1.3 4.0 W SWELL 10.2
2026-02-02 01:10 pm 8.2 7.9 14.8 W 1.3 4.0 W SWELL 9.9
2026-02-02 12:40 pm 8.2 8.2 14.8 W 1.3 4.0 W SWELL 9.8
2026-02-02 12:10 pm 9.2 8.9 16.0 W 1.3 3.6 WSW SWELL 10.3
2026-02-02 11:40 am 9.2 9.2 16.0 W 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 10.7
2026-02-02 11:10 am 9.8 9.8 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 WSW SWELL 10.9
2026-02-02 10:40 am 7.5 7.5 14.8 W 1.0 3.6 W SWELL 10.0
2026-02-02 10:10 am 9.2 9.2 14.8 W 1.0 4.0 W SWELL 10.7
2026-02-02 09:40 am 8.5 8.5 16.0 W 1.0 3.3 SSW SWELL 10.3
2026-02-02 09:10 am 7.5 7.5 14.8 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.2
2026-02-02 08:40 am 8.5 8.5 13.8 W 1.0 3.7 W SWELL 10.4
2026-02-02 08:10 am 8.2 7.9 16.0 W 1.0 3.3 S SWELL 10.3
2026-02-02 07:40 am 7.9 7.9 16.0 W 1.0 3.4 SSE SWELL 9.8
2026-02-02 07:10 am 6.9 6.6 16.0 W 1.0 3.6 SSE SWELL 9.0

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)