Station 46027 (LLNR 562) - ST GEORGES - 8 NM NW of Crescent City, CA Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 46027


Conditions at 46027 as of
(2:50 am PST)
1050 GMT on 02/08/2026:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR):SSE ( 160 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 13.6 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 17.5 kts
5-day plot - Wave Height Wave Height (WVHT): 10.2 ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period Dominant Wave Period (DPD): 10 sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Period (APD): 7.4 sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction Mean Wave Direction (MWD):WSW ( 247 deg true )
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):30.19 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 53.4 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 52.7 °F
5-day plot - Wind Chill Wind Chill (CHILL): 48.9 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 15.5 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 17.5 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Lowest 1-minute Pressure
Time (PST)Pressure
2:41 am30.19 in
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (PST)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
2:41 am 17.5 ktsSSE ( 160 deg true )
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2026-02-08 02:40 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.19- 53.4- 52.7---
2026-02-08 02:30 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.19- 53.6- 52.7---
2026-02-08 02:20 amSSE 13.6 15.5 9.8 117.4WSW30.20- 53.4- 52.3---
2026-02-08 02:10 amSSE 13.6 17.5 9.8-7.4WSW30.19- 53.6- 52.5---
2026-02-08 02:00 am SE 13.6 17.5----30.18-0.03 53.6- 52.5---
2026-02-08 01:50 amSSE 15.5 17.5 9.2 116.9 W30.18- 53.8- 52.5---
2026-02-08 01:40 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.19- 54.1- 52.9---
2026-02-08 01:30 amSSE 17.5 19.4----30.19- 54.0- 52.9---
2026-02-08 01:20 am SE 15.5 19.4 9.5 137.2WSW30.18- 53.8- 52.9---
2026-02-08 01:10 am SE 17.5 21.4 9.5-7.2WSW30.17- 53.6- 52.9---
2026-02-08 01:00 amSSE 17.5 21.4----30.18-0.05 53.8- 53.1---
2026-02-08 12:50 am SE 15.5 19.4 9.2 127.0WSW30.19- 53.6- 52.9---
2026-02-08 12:40 am SE 15.5 19.4----30.19- 53.8- 53.1---
2026-02-08 12:30 amSSE 15.5 21.4----30.20- 53.8- 52.9---
2026-02-08 12:20 amSSE 19.4 23.3 8.9 126.9WSW30.20- 54.0- 53.1---
2026-02-08 12:10 amSSE 17.5 23.3 8.9-6.9WSW30.20- 53.8- 53.1---
2026-02-08 12:00 amSSE 17.5 21.4----30.21-0.03 53.8- 53.1---
2026-02-07 11:50 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 9.2 137.2 W30.22- 54.0- 53.2---
2026-02-07 11:40 pmSSE 15.5 21.4 9.2-7.2 W30.22- 54.0- 53.1---
2026-02-07 11:30 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.22- 54.1- 53.1---
2026-02-07 11:20 pmSSE 15.5 21.4 9.8 137.4 W30.23- 54.1- 52.9---
2026-02-07 11:10 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 9.8-7.4 W30.22- 54.1- 52.7---
2026-02-07 11:00 pmSSE 15.5 19.4----30.22-0.02 54.1- 52.9---
2026-02-07 10:50 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 9.2 117.0 W30.22- 54.0- 52.9---
2026-02-07 10:40 pmSSE 15.5 17.5----30.22- 54.0- 53.1---
2026-02-07 10:30 pmSSE 15.5 17.5----30.22- 54.0- 52.9---
2026-02-07 10:20 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 9.5 127.1WSW30.23- 54.1- 53.1---
2026-02-07 10:10 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 9.5-7.1WSW30.23- 54.0- 53.1---
2026-02-07 10:00 pmSSE 17.5 19.4----30.23-0.01 54.1- 53.1---
2026-02-07 09:50 pmSSE 15.5 17.5 9.2 147.2 W30.23- 54.1- 52.9---
2026-02-07 09:40 pmSSE 17.5 23.3----30.24- 54.3- 52.9---
2026-02-07 09:30 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.24- 54.0- 52.9---
2026-02-07 09:20 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 8.2 126.7 W30.24- 54.1- 52.9---
2026-02-07 09:10 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 8.2-6.7 W30.25- 54.1- 52.7---
2026-02-07 09:00 pmSSE 15.5 21.4----30.24+0.01 54.1- 52.7---
2026-02-07 08:50 pmSSE 17.5 27.2 9.2 96.9 W30.24- 54.9- 52.2---
2026-02-07 08:40 pm SE 15.5 23.3 9.2-6.9 W30.24- 54.9- 52.2---
2026-02-07 08:30 pm S 17.5 21.4----30.24- 54.7- 51.3---
2026-02-07 08:20 pm S 17.5 23.3 8.9 116.7 W30.23- 54.9- 51.8---
2026-02-07 08:10 pm S 17.5 21.4 8.9-6.7 W30.24- 54.7- 51.8---
2026-02-07 08:00 pm S 17.5 21.4----30.24+0.00 54.5- 52.0---
2026-02-07 07:50 pm- 17.5 23.3 9.8 126.8 W30.24-------
2026-02-07 07:40 pm S 17.5 23.3----30.26- 54.7- 51.1---
2026-02-07 07:30 pm S 19.4 23.3----30.25- 55.2- 51.1---
2026-02-07 07:20 pm S 17.5 21.4 9.5 117.0 W30.24- 55.4- 51.6---
2026-02-07 07:10 pm S 15.5 19.4 9.5-7.0 W30.24- 55.2- 51.6---
2026-02-07 07:00 pm S 17.5 21.4----30.24+0.02 54.9- 51.3---
2026-02-07 06:50 pm S 17.5 21.4 9.5 117.1 W30.24- 54.9- 51.4---
2026-02-07 06:40 pm S 17.5 19.4----30.23- 55.2- 51.3---
2026-02-07 06:30 pm S 15.5 19.4----30.22- 55.6- 50.7---
2026-02-07 06:20 pm S 15.5 17.5 8.9 127.1 W30.22- 55.8- 50.9---
2026-02-07 06:10 pm S 15.5 17.5 8.9-7.1 W30.22- 55.9- 51.1---
2026-02-07 06:00 pm S 15.5 17.5----30.22-0.01 55.9- 51.1---
2026-02-07 05:50 pm S 13.6 17.5 9.2 117.4 W30.22- 55.8- 51.3---
2026-02-07 05:40 pm S 13.6 15.5----30.22- 55.8- 51.6---
2026-02-07 05:30 pm S 11.7 13.6----30.22- 55.6- 51.4---
2026-02-07 05:20 pm S 11.7 13.6 8.5 117.0WSW30.23- 55.9- 50.9---
2026-02-07 05:10 pm S 9.7 11.7 8.5-7.0WSW30.23- 56.1- 50.5---
2026-02-07 05:00 pm S 11.7 13.6----30.23+0.00 56.7- 50.4---
2026-02-07 04:50 pm S 11.7 15.5 8.2 147.0WSW30.23- 56.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:40 pm S 11.7 15.5----30.22- 57.0- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:30 pm S 13.6 15.5----30.22- 57.2- 49.8---
2026-02-07 04:20 pm S 13.6 15.5 6.9 116.4WSW30.22- 57.0- 49.8---
2026-02-07 04:10 pmSSE 13.6 15.5 6.9-6.4WSW30.22- 56.8- 50.2---
2026-02-07 04:00 pmSSE 13.6 15.5----30.21-0.04 56.5- 50.2---
2026-02-07 03:50 pmSSE 13.6 15.5 7.9 126.6WNW30.22- 56.5- 50.4---
2026-02-07 03:40 pmSSE 13.6 17.5----30.21- 56.5- 50.2---
2026-02-07 03:20 pmSSE 13.6 19.4 7.5 126.7 W30.22- 56.3- 50.5---
2026-02-07 03:10 pmSSE 13.6 15.5----30.22- 56.5- 50.5---
2026-02-07 03:00 pmSSE 15.5 19.4----30.23-0.04 56.7- 50.4---
2026-02-07 02:50 pmSSE 15.5 19.4 7.5 116.9 W30.22- 56.7- 50.2---
2026-02-07 02:40 pmSSE 15.5 17.5 7.5-6.9 W30.22- 56.5- 50.2---
2026-02-07 02:30 pmSSE 15.5 17.5----30.22- 56.1- 50.2---
2026-02-07 02:20 pmSSE 13.6 17.5 7.2 126.4WSW30.22- 55.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 02:10 pmSSE 15.5 17.5 7.2-6.4WSW30.22- 56.1- 50.0---
2026-02-07 02:00 pmSSE 15.5 19.4----30.23-0.04 55.9- 49.5---
2026-02-07 01:50 pmSSE 17.5 19.4 7.5 106.6WSW30.23- 55.9- 49.1---
2026-02-07 01:40 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.24- 55.8- 49.3---
2026-02-07 01:30 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.24- 55.6- 49.1---
2026-02-07 01:20 pmSSE 17.5 21.4 7.5 116.3WSW30.24- 55.0- 49.5---
2026-02-07 01:10 pmSSE 17.5 21.4 7.5-6.3WSW30.24- 55.0- 49.6---
2026-02-07 01:00 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.24+0.00 54.9- 49.6---
2026-02-07 12:50 pmSSE 17.5 23.3 6.9 146.2WSW30.25- 54.9- 50.0---
2026-02-07 12:40 pmSSE 17.5 23.3----30.26- 54.7- 50.2---
2026-02-07 12:30 pmSSE 17.5 21.4----30.26- 54.5- 50.2---
2026-02-07 12:20 pmSSE 17.5 23.3 7.5 136.6 W30.26- 54.3- 50.4---
2026-02-07 12:10 pm SE 17.5 21.4----30.26- 54.1- 50.7---
2026-02-07 12:00 pm SE 19.4 21.4----30.25+0.03 54.0- 51.1---
2026-02-07 11:50 amSSE 17.5 21.4 8.2 137.2 W30.26- 53.8- 51.6---
2026-02-07 11:40 amSSE 15.5 19.4 8.2-7.2 W30.27- 53.6- 51.6---
2026-02-07 11:30 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.27- 53.8- 51.8---
2026-02-07 11:20 amSSE 15.5 19.4 8.2 137.1 W30.28- 54.0- 51.6---
2026-02-07 11:10 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.29- 54.0- 51.3---
2026-02-07 11:00 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.27+0.07 53.8- 50.7---
2026-02-07 10:50 amSSE 15.5 19.4 8.5 137.7 W30.26- 53.6- 50.4---
2026-02-07 10:40 amSSE 15.5 17.5----30.26- 53.6- 50.7---
2026-02-07 10:30 amSSE 15.5 17.5----30.25- 53.6- 50.5---
2026-02-07 10:20 am S 15.5 17.5 8.2 137.4WSW30.26- 53.6- 50.4---
2026-02-07 10:10 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.25- 53.6- 50.4---
2026-02-07 10:00 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.25+0.03 53.1- 50.2---
2026-02-07 09:50 amSSE 13.6 17.5 7.5 137.1 W30.24- 52.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 09:40 amSSE 15.5 17.5----30.24- 52.9- 49.8---
2026-02-07 09:30 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.24- 53.1- 50.2---
2026-02-07 09:20 amSSE 13.6 17.5 7.9 137.3 W30.23- 53.2- 50.4---
2026-02-07 09:10 amSSE 15.5 17.5----30.22- 53.2- 50.5---
2026-02-07 09:00 amSSE 11.7 15.5----30.22+0.03 53.1- 50.7---
2026-02-07 08:50 amSSE 11.7 13.6 8.5 137.7 W30.25- 53.1- 51.1---
2026-02-07 08:40 amSSE 11.7 13.6 8.5-7.7 W30.24- 52.9- 51.1---
2026-02-07 08:30 amSSE 11.7 15.5----30.24- 52.9- 51.3---
2026-02-07 08:20 amSSE 13.6 15.5 8.9 137.7WSW30.23- 52.9- 51.4---
2026-02-07 08:10 amSSE 15.5 17.5----30.22- 52.7- 51.4---
2026-02-07 08:00 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.21+0.00 52.7- 51.4---
2026-02-07 07:50 amSSE 15.5 19.4 8.9 148.0 W30.20- 52.7- 51.4---
2026-02-07 07:40 am S 13.6 15.5----30.22- 52.7- 51.4---
2026-02-07 07:30 amSSE 11.7 15.5----30.24- 52.5- 51.4---
2026-02-07 07:20 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.5 137.7 W30.22- 52.2- 51.1---
2026-02-07 07:10 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.5-7.7 W30.22- 52.2- 51.1---
2026-02-07 07:00 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.22+0.04 51.8- 50.7---
2026-02-07 06:50 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.9 137.9 W30.21- 52.0- 50.9---
2026-02-07 06:40 amSSE 13.6 15.5----30.21- 52.0- 50.9---
2026-02-07 06:30 amSSE 13.6 15.5----30.21- 52.0- 51.1---
2026-02-07 06:20 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.5 147.7 W30.21- 51.8- 51.1---
2026-02-07 06:10 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.5-7.7 W30.21- 51.8- 51.1---
2026-02-07 06:00 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.20-0.01 52.0- 51.3---
2026-02-07 05:50 amSSE 13.6 17.5 9.8 138.2WSW30.20- 52.0- 51.3---
2026-02-07 05:40 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.21- 51.8- 51.1---
2026-02-07 05:30 amSSE 13.6 15.5----30.21- 51.6- 50.9---
2026-02-07 05:20 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.5 128.3WSW30.21- 51.4- 50.7---
2026-02-07 05:10 amSSE 13.6 15.5 8.5-8.3WSW30.21- 51.1- 50.4---
2026-02-07 05:00 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.21+0.00 50.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 04:50 amSSE 13.6 17.5 8.9 148.1 W30.21- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:40 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.20- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:30 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.20- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:20 amSSE 15.5 17.5 9.2 148.5 W30.19- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 04:10 am SE 15.5 19.4 9.2-8.5 W30.20- 50.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 04:00 amSSE 15.5 19.4----30.19-0.02 50.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 03:50 amSSE 15.5 19.4 7.9 147.9 W30.20- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 03:40 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.20- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 03:30 amSSE 13.6 17.5----30.21- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 03:20 amSSE 11.7 15.5 9.2 148.4 W30.21- 50.9- 50.2---
2026-02-07 03:10 am S 11.7 15.5----30.22- 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 03:00 amSSE 11.7 15.5----30.22+0.00 50.7- 50.0---
2026-02-07 02:50 am S 11.7 15.5 9.8 139.1WSW30.22- 50.7- 50.0---

Wave Summary
for 46027 as of (2:40 am PST)
1040 GMT on 02/08/2026:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 10.2 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 8.9 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 10.0 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD):WSW
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 4.9 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 7.1 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD):WSW
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS): AVERAGE
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 7.4 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(PST)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2026-02-08 02:10 am 9.8 8.9 11.4WSW 4.3 6.2 SW SWELL 7.4
2026-02-08 01:40 am 9.2 7.5 11.4 W 4.9 5.6 SW SWELL 6.9
2026-02-08 01:10 am 9.5 8.5 12.9WSW 4.3 5.3 SW SWELL 7.2
2026-02-08 12:40 am 9.2 7.9 12.1WSW 5.2 6.7 WSW SWELL 7.0
2026-02-08 12:10 am 8.9 7.5 12.1WSW 4.6 5.9 WSW SWELL 6.9
2026-02-07 11:40 pm 9.2 8.2 12.9 W 4.3 5.9 SW SWELL 7.2
2026-02-07 11:10 pm 9.8 8.5 12.9 W 4.6 5.9 WSW SWELL 7.4
2026-02-07 10:40 pm 9.2 7.5 10.8 W 4.9 6.2 SW AVERAGE 7.0
2026-02-07 10:10 pm 9.5 8.2 12.1WSW 4.6 5.9 SW SWELL 7.1
2026-02-07 09:40 pm 9.2 8.2 13.8 W 4.6 5.3 SW SWELL 7.2
2026-02-07 09:10 pm 8.2 7.5 12.1 W 3.9 5.3 SW SWELL 6.7
2026-02-07 08:40 pm 9.2 8.2 9.1 W 4.3 5.6 SW AVERAGE 6.9
2026-02-07 08:10 pm 8.9 7.5 10.8 W 4.3 4.3 SSW AVERAGE 6.7
2026-02-07 07:40 pm 9.8 8.5 12.1 W 4.6 4.8 SW SWELL 6.8
2026-02-07 07:10 pm 9.5 8.5 11.4 W 4.3 5.9 SW SWELL 7.0
2026-02-07 06:40 pm 9.5 8.5 11.4 W 3.9 6.2 WSW SWELL 7.1
2026-02-07 06:10 pm 8.9 8.2 12.1 W 3.9 6.2 WSW SWELL 7.1
2026-02-07 05:40 pm 9.2 8.2 11.4 W 3.9 6.2 WSW SWELL 7.4
2026-02-07 05:10 pm 8.5 8.2 11.4WSW 3.0 4.3 SSW SWELL 7.0
2026-02-07 04:40 pm 8.2 7.5 13.8WSW 3.6 5.6 WSW SWELL 7.0
2026-02-07 04:10 pm 6.9 5.6 10.8WSW 4.3 6.2 WSW SWELL 6.4
2026-02-07 03:40 pm 7.9 6.6 12.1WNW 3.9 4.8 SW SWELL 6.6
2026-02-07 03:10 pm 7.5 6.6 12.1 W 3.9 5.9 SW SWELL 6.7
2026-02-07 02:40 pm 7.5 6.6 11.4 W 3.9 6.2 SW SWELL 6.9
2026-02-07 02:10 pm 7.2 5.9 12.1WSW 4.3 5.9 SW SWELL 6.4
2026-02-07 01:40 pm 7.5 6.6 10.0WSW 4.3 6.7 SW AVERAGE 6.6
2026-02-07 01:10 pm 7.5 5.9 11.4WSW 4.6 6.7 SW SWELL 6.3
2026-02-07 12:40 pm 6.9 5.9 13.8WSW 3.9 5.3 SW SWELL 6.2
2026-02-07 12:10 pm 7.5 6.6 12.9 W 3.9 6.2 SW SWELL 6.6
2026-02-07 11:40 am 8.2 7.2 12.9 W 3.9 5.6 WSW SWELL 7.2
2026-02-07 11:10 am 8.2 7.2 12.9 W 3.6 6.2 SW SWELL 7.1
2026-02-07 10:40 am 8.5 7.9 12.9 W 3.3 5.6 WSW SWELL 7.7
2026-02-07 10:10 am 8.2 7.2 12.9WSW 3.6 5.0 WSW SWELL 7.4
2026-02-07 09:40 am 7.5 6.6 12.9 W 3.6 5.9 SW SWELL 7.1
2026-02-07 09:10 am 7.9 7.2 12.9 W 3.6 6.2 WSW SWELL 7.3
2026-02-07 08:40 am 8.5 8.2 12.9 W 3.0 5.3 SW SWELL 7.7
2026-02-07 08:10 am 8.9 8.2 12.9WSW 3.3 4.2 SSW SWELL 7.7
2026-02-07 07:40 am 8.9 8.5 13.8 W 3.3 5.9 WSW SWELL 8.0
2026-02-07 07:10 am 8.5 7.9 12.9 W 3.3 3.8 S SWELL 7.7
2026-02-07 06:40 am 8.9 8.2 12.9 W 3.3 3.6 SSW SWELL 7.9
2026-02-07 06:10 am 8.5 8.2 13.8 W 3.3 3.6 S SWELL 7.7
2026-02-07 05:40 am 9.8 9.2 12.9WSW 3.3 5.9 SW SWELL 8.2
2026-02-07 05:10 am 8.5 8.2 12.1WSW 2.6 3.7 SSW SWELL 8.3
2026-02-07 04:40 am 8.9 8.2 13.8 W 3.0 3.8 SW SWELL 8.1
2026-02-07 04:10 am 9.2 8.9 13.8 W 2.6 3.3 SSW SWELL 8.5
2026-02-07 03:40 am 7.9 7.2 13.8 W 3.0 6.2 SW SWELL 7.9
2026-02-07 03:10 am 9.2 8.5 13.8 W 3.0 5.9 SW SWELL 8.4

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)