Hurricane Symbol View the latest observations near East Pacific Tropical Storm Elida.

Station 51002 (LLNR 28005.1) - SOUTHWEST HAWAII - 215NM SSW of Hilo, HI Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 51002


Conditions at 51002 as of
(1:50 pm HST)
2350 GMT on 07/16/2026:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR): E ( 80 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 13.6 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 15.5 kts
5-day plot - Wave Height Wave Height (WVHT): 6.2 ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period Dominant Wave Period (DPD): 6 sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Period (APD): 5.7 sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction Mean Wave Direction (MWD): E ( 91 deg true )
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):29.91 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 80.2 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 73.9 °F
5-day plot - Heat Index Heat Index (HEAT): 84.9 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 15.5 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 15.5 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Lowest 1-minute Pressure
Time (HST)Pressure
1:50 pm29.91 in
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (HST)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
1:42 pm 15.5 ktsENE ( 70 deg true )
Previous observations
TIME
(HST)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2026-07-16 01:40 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.91- 80.2- 73.6---
2026-07-16 01:30 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.92- 80.4- 73.8---
2026-07-16 01:20 pm E 13.6 15.5 6.2 155.7NNW29.92- 80.2- 72.9---
2026-07-16 01:10 pm E 13.6 17.5 6.2-5.7NNW29.92- 80.2- 72.9---
2026-07-16 01:00 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.92-0.02 80.1- 72.7---
2026-07-16 12:50 pm E 13.6 17.5 6.2 75.8 E29.93- 80.2- 73.2---
2026-07-16 12:40 pm E 13.6 17.5 6.2-5.8 E29.93- 80.2- 72.9---
2026-07-16 12:30 pm E 15.5 17.5----29.93- 80.2- 72.5---
2026-07-16 12:20 pm E 15.5 19.4 6.2 65.5 E29.93- 80.2- 72.5---
2026-07-16 12:10 pm E 15.5 19.4 6.2-5.5 E29.93- 80.1- 72.7---
2026-07-16 12:00 pm E 15.5 19.4----29.93+0.00 80.1- 73.0---
2026-07-16 11:50 am E 15.5 17.5 6.2 65.6 E29.93- 80.4- 73.2---
2026-07-16 11:40 am E 15.5 19.4 6.2-5.6 E29.93- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-16 11:30 am E 15.5 17.5----29.93- 80.2- 72.5---
2026-07-16 11:20 am E 15.5 17.5 5.9 65.5 E29.93- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-16 11:10 am E 15.5 17.5 5.9-5.5 E29.93- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-16 11:00 am E 15.5 17.5----29.93+0.00 80.2- 72.9---
2026-07-16 10:50 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9 65.6 E29.93- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-16 10:40 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9-5.6 E29.93- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-16 10:30 am E 15.5 19.4----29.93- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-16 10:20 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9 65.4 E29.94- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-16 10:10 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9-5.4 E29.94- 80.2- 72.5---
2026-07-16 10:00 am E 15.5 19.4----29.94+0.04 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-16 09:50 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9 165.4 SE29.94- 79.7- 72.1---
2026-07-16 09:40 am E 13.6 19.4 5.9-5.4 SE29.94- 79.2- 71.6---
2026-07-16 09:30 am E 19.4 27.2----29.94- 79.2- 71.2---
2026-07-16 09:20 am E 17.5 19.4 5.9-5.5 E29.93- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 09:10 am--- 5.9 65.5 E--------
2026-07-16 09:00 am E 17.5 21.4----29.93+0.06 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-16 08:50 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9 65.3 E29.93- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-16 08:40 am E 17.5 19.4----29.93- 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-16 08:30 am E 15.5 19.4----29.93- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 08:20 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9 145.4WSW29.93- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 08:10 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9-5.4WSW29.93- 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-16 08:00 am E 15.5 17.5----29.93+0.06 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-16 07:50 am E 15.5 17.5 5.9 65.4 E29.92- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 07:40 am E 17.5 19.4----29.92- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 07:30 am E 17.5 21.4----29.92- 79.9- 72.7---
2026-07-16 07:20 am E 17.5 21.4 5.9 55.3 E29.91- 79.7- 72.5---
2026-07-16 07:10 am E 15.5 19.4 5.9-5.3 E29.91- 79.9- 72.7---
2026-07-16 07:00 am E 17.5 21.4----29.91+0.04 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-16 06:50 am E 17.5 21.4 5.9 165.2SSW29.90- 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-16 06:40 am E 19.4 23.3 5.9-5.2SSW29.89- 79.7- 71.6---
2026-07-16 06:30 am E 19.4 23.3----29.89- 79.7- 71.8---
2026-07-16 06:20 am E 17.5 23.3 5.9 55.2 E29.88- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-16 06:10 am E 19.4 23.3 5.9-5.2 E29.87- 79.7- 72.1---
2026-07-16 06:00 am E 19.4 23.3----29.87+0.00 79.7- 72.1---
2026-07-16 05:50 am E 19.4 23.3 5.6 145.2 SW29.87- 79.5- 72.0---
2026-07-16 05:40 am E 19.4 23.3----29.87- 79.5- 72.1---
2026-07-16 05:30 am E 19.4 23.3----29.86- 79.5- 72.3---
2026-07-16 05:20 am E 19.4 23.3 4.9 64.7 E29.86- 79.5- 72.7---
2026-07-16 05:10 am E 19.4 23.3 4.9-4.7 E29.86- 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 05:00 am E 19.4 23.3----29.86+0.00 79.5- 72.3---
2026-07-16 04:50 am E 19.4 23.3 5.6 165.2SSE29.86- 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 04:40 am E 19.4 23.3 5.6-5.2SSE29.86- 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 04:30 am E 19.4 23.3----29.86- 79.5- 72.7---
2026-07-16 04:20 am E 17.5 21.4 5.2 145.4 SW29.86- 79.5- 72.7---
2026-07-16 04:10 am E 17.5 21.4 5.2-5.4 SW29.87- 79.5- 72.3---
2026-07-16 04:00 am E 17.5 21.4----29.87-0.02 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 03:50 am E 17.5 21.4 5.9 155.3 SW29.86- 79.7- 72.5---
2026-07-16 03:40 am E 17.5 21.4 5.9-5.3 SW29.86- 79.5- 72.3---
2026-07-16 03:30 am E 17.5 21.4----29.86- 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 03:20 am E 17.5 19.4 5.6 85.1 E29.86- 79.7- 72.9---
2026-07-16 03:10 am E 17.5 19.4 5.6-5.1 E29.87- 79.7- 72.3---
2026-07-16 03:00 am E 17.5 19.4----29.87-0.04 79.7- 72.5---
2026-07-16 02:50 am E 17.5 21.4 5.6 145.2 SW29.86- 79.5- 72.5---
2026-07-16 02:40 am E 17.5 21.4----29.87- 79.5- 73.0---
2026-07-16 02:30 am E 17.5 19.4----29.87- 79.5- 73.2---
2026-07-16 02:20 am E 17.5 21.4 5.6 165.4 S29.87- 79.5- 73.0---
2026-07-16 02:10 am E 17.5 21.4----29.87- 79.3- 73.2---
2026-07-16 02:00 am E 17.5 21.4----29.87-0.04 79.5- 73.6---
2026-07-16 01:50 am E 17.5 21.4 5.6-5.4 W29.88-------
2026-07-16 01:40 am E 17.5 21.4 5.6-5.4 W29.88- 79.5- 73.2---
2026-07-16 01:30 am E 17.5 21.4----29.88- 79.7- 73.0---
2026-07-16 01:20 am E 17.5 21.4 5.2 145.3 SE29.88- 79.7- 73.2---
2026-07-16 01:10 am E 17.5 21.4----29.88- 79.7- 73.2---
2026-07-16 01:00 am E 17.5 21.4----29.89-0.02 79.7- 72.9---
2026-07-16 12:50 am E 17.5 21.4 5.2 165.4 S29.89- 79.9- 73.0---
2026-07-16 12:40 am E 17.5 21.4 5.2-5.4 S29.89- 79.7- 72.7---
2026-07-16 12:30 am E 17.5 19.4----29.89- 79.7- 72.9---
2026-07-16 12:20 am E 17.5 19.4 5.2 165.4 W29.90- 79.9- 72.9---
2026-07-16 12:10 am E 17.5 19.4 5.2-5.4 W29.90- 79.7- 72.7---
2026-07-16 12:00 am E 15.5 19.4----29.91+0.00 79.9- 72.9---
2026-07-15 11:50 pm E 17.5 19.4 4.9 155.5 W29.91- 79.9- 72.7---
2026-07-15 11:40 pm E 15.5 19.4 4.9-5.5 W29.91- 80.1- 73.0---
2026-07-15 11:30 pm E 15.5 19.4----29.91- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-15 11:20 pm E 17.5 19.4 5.2 165.7WNW29.91- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 11:10 pm E 17.5 19.4 5.2-5.7WNW29.91- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-15 11:00 pm E 15.5 19.4----29.91+0.02 80.2- 72.3---
2026-07-15 10:50 pm E 15.5 19.4 5.2 155.8 SW29.91- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 10:40 pm E 15.5 19.4 5.2-5.8 SW29.91- 80.1- 72.1---
2026-07-15 10:30 pm E 15.5 17.5----29.91- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 10:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 5.2 165.7 N29.92- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 10:10 pm E 15.5 17.5 5.2-5.7 N29.92- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 10:00 pm E 15.5 19.4----29.91+0.02 80.2- 72.0---
2026-07-15 09:50 pm E 15.5 17.5 5.2 155.8WSW29.91- 80.1- 72.0---
2026-07-15 09:40 pm E 15.5 17.5 5.2-5.8WSW29.91- 80.1- 72.1---
2026-07-15 09:30 pm E 15.5 17.5----29.91- 80.2- 72.1---
2026-07-15 09:20 pm E 15.5 17.5 4.9-5.8 SW29.91- 80.1- 71.6---
2026-07-15 09:10 pm--- 4.9 165.8 SW--------
2026-07-15 09:00 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.91+0.03 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-15 08:50 pm E 13.6 17.5 5.2 156.1WNW29.91- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-15 08:40 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.91- 80.1- 72.7---
2026-07-15 08:30 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.90- 80.1- 72.7---
2026-07-15 08:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 5.2 165.9SSW29.90- 80.1- 72.9---
2026-07-15 08:10 pm E 15.5 17.5 5.2-5.9SSW29.90- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 08:00 pm E 15.5 17.5----29.89+0.02 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-15 07:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 166.0NNW29.89- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 07:40 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.89- 80.2- 72.0---
2026-07-15 07:30 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.89- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 07:20 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 165.8 SW29.89- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-15 07:10 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9-5.8 SW29.89- 80.1- 72.9---
2026-07-15 07:00 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.89+0.04 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-15 06:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 156.0 W29.89- 80.2- 72.3---
2026-07-15 06:40 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9-6.0 W29.89- 80.1- 71.6---
2026-07-15 06:30 pmESE 13.6 15.5----29.88- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 06:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 4.9 145.9 SW29.88- 80.2- 72.1---
2026-07-15 06:10 pmESE 13.6 17.5 4.9-5.9 SW29.88- 80.1- 72.0---
2026-07-15 06:00 pmESE 13.6 15.5----29.88+0.02 80.2- 72.3---
2026-07-15 05:50 pm E 13.6 17.5 4.6 165.6 SW29.88- 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-15 05:40 pm E 13.6 17.5 4.6-5.6 SW29.88- 80.1- 72.9---
2026-07-15 05:30 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.88- 80.1- 72.9---
2026-07-15 05:20 pm E 11.7 15.5 4.9 155.9 SW29.88- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 05:10 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9-5.9 SW29.87- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 05:00 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.87+0.00 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 04:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 5.2 155.9WNW29.87- 80.1- 72.3---
2026-07-15 04:40 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.86- 80.1- 72.0---
2026-07-15 04:30 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.86- 80.1- 72.1---
2026-07-15 04:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 5.2 86.0 E29.86- 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-15 04:10 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.86- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 04:00 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.86-0.04 79.9- 72.1---
2026-07-15 03:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 166.0SSW29.86- 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-15 03:40 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.86- 80.1- 72.5---
2026-07-15 03:30 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.86- 80.1- 72.1---
2026-07-15 03:20 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 155.9 W29.86- 80.1- 71.8---
2026-07-15 03:10 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9-5.9 W29.86- 79.9- 71.4---
2026-07-15 03:00 pm E 13.6 15.5----29.86-0.04 79.7- 71.6---
2026-07-15 02:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 5.2 166.2 W29.87- 79.9- 72.3---
2026-07-15 02:40 pm E 13.6 15.5 5.2-6.2 W29.87- 79.7- 72.1---
2026-07-15 02:30 pm E 13.6 17.5----29.87- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-15 02:20 pm E 13.6 17.5 5.2 86.1 E29.87- 79.9- 72.5---
2026-07-15 02:10 pm E 11.7 15.5 5.2-6.1 E29.87- 79.9- 72.0---
2026-07-15 02:00 pm E 11.7 15.5----29.87-0.04 79.9- 71.8---
2026-07-15 01:50 pm E 13.6 15.5 4.9 146.3SSW29.88- 79.7- 71.4---

Wave Summary
for 51002 as of (1:40 pm HST)
2340 GMT on 07/16/2026:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 6.2 ft
5-day plot - Swell Height Swell Height (SwH): 3.9 ft
5-day plot - Swell Period Swell Period (SwP): 8.3 sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction Swell Direction (SwD):SSE
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height Wind Wave Height (WWH): 4.9 ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period Wind Wave Period (WWP): 5.9 sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction Wind Wave Direction (WWD): E
5-day plot - Wave Steepness Wave Steepness (STEEPNESS):VERY_STEEP
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 5.7 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(HST)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2026-07-16 01:10 pm 6.2 3.9 14.8NNW 4.9 6.2 E AVERAGE 5.7
2026-07-16 12:40 pm 6.2 3.9 14.8SSW 4.6 6.7 E STEEP 5.8
2026-07-16 12:10 pm 6.2 3.0 16.0WNW 5.2 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.5
2026-07-16 11:40 am 6.2 3.3 12.9 S 5.6 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.6
2026-07-16 11:10 am 5.9 3.3 16.0SSW 4.9 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.5
2026-07-16 10:40 am 5.9 3.0 16.0SSE 5.2 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.6
2026-07-16 10:10 am 5.9 3.3 14.8 SW 4.9 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.4
2026-07-16 09:40 am 5.9 3.6 16.0 SE 4.9 5.9 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 09:10 am 5.9 3.3 17.4 E 4.9 5.9 EVERY_STEEP 5.5
2026-07-16 08:40 am 5.9 2.6 14.8WSW 5.2 5.6 EVERY_STEEP 5.3
2026-07-16 08:10 am 5.9 3.3 13.8WSW 4.9 5.9 ESE AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 07:40 am 5.9 3.0 14.8SSW 5.2 5.6 EVERY_STEEP 5.4
2026-07-16 07:10 am 5.9 3.3 16.0 N 5.2 5.3 EVERY_STEEP 5.3
2026-07-16 06:40 am 5.9 3.3 16.0SSW 4.9 5.6 ESE AVERAGE 5.2
2026-07-16 06:10 am 5.9 3.0 12.9SSE 4.9 4.8 EVERY_STEEP 5.2
2026-07-16 05:40 am 5.6 3.6 13.8 SW 4.3 4.8 E AVERAGE 5.2
2026-07-16 05:10 am 4.9 2.6 7.7 E 4.3 5.6 EVERY_STEEP 4.7
2026-07-16 04:40 am 5.6 3.6 16.0SSE 4.3 5.3 E AVERAGE 5.2
2026-07-16 04:10 am 5.2 3.6 13.8 SW 3.9 4.8 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 03:40 am 5.9 3.6 14.8 SW 4.6 5.0 E AVERAGE 5.3
2026-07-16 03:10 am 5.6 3.3 7.7 E 4.3 4.3 E AVERAGE 5.1
2026-07-16 02:40 am 5.6 3.6 13.8 SW 4.3 4.5 E AVERAGE 5.2
2026-07-16 02:10 am 5.6 3.6 16.0 S 3.9 5.0 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 01:40 am 5.6 3.3 13.8 W 4.6 5.6 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 01:10 am 5.2 3.6 13.8 SE 3.9 4.8 E AVERAGE 5.3
2026-07-16 12:40 am 5.2 3.6 16.0 S 3.9 4.8 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-16 12:10 am 5.2 3.6 16.0 W 3.9 7.1 E AVERAGE 5.4
2026-07-15 11:40 pm 4.9 3.6 14.8 W 3.6 6.7 E SWELL 5.5
2026-07-15 11:10 pm 5.2 3.9 16.0WNW 3.3 5.0 E SWELL 5.7
2026-07-15 10:40 pm 5.2 4.3 14.8 SW 3.3 6.2 E SWELL 5.8
2026-07-15 10:10 pm 5.2 3.9 16.0 N 3.3 4.8 E SWELL 5.7
2026-07-15 09:40 pm 5.2 3.9 14.8WSW 3.6 4.8 E SWELL 5.8
2026-07-15 09:10 pm 4.9 3.9 16.0 SW 3.3 6.7 ESE SWELL 5.8
2026-07-15 08:40 pm 5.2 4.3 14.8WNW 3.3 6.2 ENE SWELL 6.1
2026-07-15 08:10 pm 5.2 3.9 16.0SSW 3.3 6.7 E SWELL 5.9
2026-07-15 07:40 pm 4.9 3.9 16.0NNW 3.3 6.7 E SWELL 6.0
2026-07-15 07:10 pm 4.9 3.9 16.0 SW 3.0 5.9 E SWELL 5.8
2026-07-15 06:40 pm 4.9 3.9 14.8 W 3.0 5.9 E SWELL 6.0
2026-07-15 06:10 pm 4.9 3.9 13.8 SW 3.0 4.2 E SWELL 5.9
2026-07-15 05:40 pm 4.6 3.3 16.0 SW 3.3 6.7 E SWELL 5.6
2026-07-15 05:10 pm 4.9 3.9 14.8 SW 2.6 5.3 ENE SWELL 5.9
2026-07-15 04:40 pm 5.2 3.9 14.8WNW 3.3 5.9 E SWELL 5.9
2026-07-15 04:10 pm 5.2 4.3 7.7 E 3.3 5.6 ENE AVERAGE 6.0
2026-07-15 03:40 pm 4.9 3.9 16.0SSW 3.0 6.2 E SWELL 6.0
2026-07-15 03:10 pm 4.9 3.9 14.8 W 3.0 6.2 E SWELL 5.9
2026-07-15 02:40 pm 5.2 4.3 16.0 W 3.0 4.3 E SWELL 6.2
2026-07-15 02:10 pm 5.2 4.6 8.3 E 2.6 3.6 E AVERAGE 6.1

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)