Hurricane Symbol View the latest observations near Atlantic Tropical Storm Andrea.

Station 45004 (LLNR 16850) - EAST SUPERIOR -70 NM NE Marquette, MI Image indicating link to RSS feed of recent meteorological observations for station 45004


Conditions at 45004 as of
(9:30 pm EDT on 06/24/2025)
0130 GMT on 06/25/2025:
     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Wind Direction Wind Direction (WDIR): SW ( 220 deg true )
5-day plot - Wind Speed Wind Speed (WSPD): 3.9 kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust Wind Gust (GST): 5.8 kts
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric Pressure (PRES):30.23 in
5-day plot - Air Temperature Air Temperature (ATMP): 39.7 °F
5-day plot - Water Temperature Water Temperature (WTMP): 38.1 °F
5-day plot - Dew Point Dew Point (DEWP): 39.4 °F
5-day plot - Wind Chill Wind Chill (CHILL): 36.7 °F
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 10 Meters Wind Speed at 10 meters (WSPD10M): 3.9 kts
5-day plot - Wind Speed at 20 Meters Wind Speed at 20 meters (WSPD20M): 3.9 kts
5-day plot -  Wind Speed, Wind Gust and Atmospheric Pressure Combined plot of Wind Speed, Gust, and Air Pressure
Supplemental Measurements
Lowest 1-minute Pressure
Time (EDT)Pressure
9:30 pm30.23 in
Highest 1-minute Wind Speed
Time (EDT)5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Speed WSPD 5-day plot - 1-Minute Wind Direction WDIR
9:30 pm 3.9 ktsSSW ( 210 deg true )
Previous observations
TIME
(EDT)
5-day plot - Wind Direction
WDIR
 
5-day plot - Wind Speed
WSPD
kts
5-day plot - Wind Gust
GST
kts
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Dominant Wave Period
DPD
sec
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
5-day plot - Mean Wave Direction
MWD
 
5-day plot - Atmospheric Pressure
PRES
in
5-day plot - Pressure Tendency
PTDY
in
5-day plot - Air Temperature
ATMP
°F
5-day plot - Water Temperature
WTMP
°F
5-day plot - Dew Point
DEWP
°F
5-day plot - Salinity
SAL
psu
5-day plot - Visibility
VIS
nmi
5-day plot - Tide (above MLLW)
TIDE
ft
2025-06-24 09:20 pmWSW 3.9 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.23- 40.5 38.3 39.7---
2025-06-24 09:10 pm W 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.23- 40.8 38.3 40.1---
2025-06-24 09:00 pm W 5.8 5.8----30.23-0.03 41.2 38.3 40.3---
2025-06-24 08:50 pm W 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.8-30.23- 41.4 38.3 40.6---
2025-06-24 08:40 pmWSW 3.9 5.8 0.7-2.8-30.24- 41.2 38.3 40.6---
2025-06-24 08:30 pmWSW 3.9 5.8----30.24- 41.0 38.3 40.3---
2025-06-24 08:20 pm W 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.8-30.23- 41.7 38.3 40.8---
2025-06-24 08:10 pm W 5.8 5.8----30.24- 42.3 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 08:00 pm W 5.8 5.8----30.24-0.02 43.0 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 07:50 pm W 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.24- 43.0 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 07:40 pm--- 0.7-2.9---------
2025-06-24 07:10 pm W 5.8 7.8 0.7-2.8-30.24- 43.0 38.3 41.9---
2025-06-24 07:00 pm W 5.8 5.8----30.24-0.02 42.6 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 06:50 pmWSW 5.8 5.8 0.7-3.0-30.24- 42.1 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 06:40 pmWSW 5.8 5.8----30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 06:30 pm SW 5.8 5.8----30.25- 42.1 38.3 40.8---
2025-06-24 06:20 pmWSW 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.25- 42.3 38.5 41.4---
2025-06-24 06:10 pmWSW 3.9 3.9----30.25- 41.7 38.3 40.6---
2025-06-24 06:00 pmWSW 3.9 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.26+0.00 41.9 38.3 40.8---
2025-06-24 05:50 pm W 5.8 5.8 0.7-2.9-30.26- 42.1 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 05:40 pm W 5.8 7.8----30.26- 42.6 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 05:30 pm W 7.8 7.8----30.26- 43.0 38.5 41.7---
2025-06-24 05:20 pm W 7.8 9.7 0.7-2.9-30.26- 42.8 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 05:10 pm W 7.8 7.8 0.7-2.9-30.26- 43.0 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 05:00 pm W 7.8 7.8----30.26+0.00 43.0 38.3 41.9---
2025-06-24 04:50 pm W 7.8 7.8 0.7-2.9-30.26- 43.0 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 04:40 pm W 7.8 9.7 0.7-2.9-30.26- 43.2 38.5 41.9---
2025-06-24 04:30 pm W 7.8 9.7----30.26- 42.6 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 04:20 pm W 7.8 9.7 1.0 42.9 W30.26- 42.6 38.5 41.5---
2025-06-24 04:10 pm W 7.8 9.7----30.26- 42.4 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 04:00 pm W 7.8 7.8----30.26+0.01 42.1 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 03:50 pm W 7.8 7.8 1.0 42.9WNW30.26- 41.9 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 03:40 pm W 7.8 7.8 1.0-2.9WNW30.26- 42.1 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 03:30 pm W 7.8 7.8----30.26- 41.7 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 03:20 pm W 7.8 7.8 1.0 42.9WNW30.26- 41.9 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 03:10 pmWNW 7.8 7.8 1.0-2.9WNW30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 03:00 pmWNW 9.7 9.7----30.26+0.02 42.4 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 02:50 pmWNW 9.7 11.7 1.0 32.9 W30.26- 42.6 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 02:40 pm W 9.7 11.7 1.0-2.9 W30.25- 42.8 38.3 42.1---
2025-06-24 02:30 pm W 9.7 9.7----30.26- 42.4 38.5 41.7---
2025-06-24 02:20 pm W 9.7 9.7 1.0 33.0 W30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.7---
2025-06-24 02:10 pm W 9.7 11.7 1.0-3.0 W30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 02:00 pm W 9.7 11.7----30.26+0.04 42.1 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 01:50 pm W 9.7 11.7 1.0 43.1WNW30.25- 42.1 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 01:40 pm W 9.7 9.7----30.26- 42.3 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 01:30 pm W 9.7 11.7----30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 01:20 pm W 9.7 9.7 1.0 43.1WNW30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 01:10 pm W 9.7 11.7 1.0-3.1WNW30.25- 42.3 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 01:00 pm W 9.7 9.7----30.25+0.04 41.9 38.3 40.8---
2025-06-24 12:50 pm W 7.8 9.7 1.0 33.0 W30.25- 41.9 38.3 41.0---
2025-06-24 12:40 pm W 7.8 9.7 1.0-3.0 W30.24- 41.9 38.5 41.2---
2025-06-24 12:30 pm W 7.8 9.7----30.24- 41.7 38.5 40.8---
2025-06-24 12:20 pm W 7.8 7.8 1.0 43.1 W30.24- 42.1 38.5 41.2---
2025-06-24 12:10 pmWNW 7.8 9.7 1.0-3.1 W30.24- 42.1- 41.2---
2025-06-24 12:00 pmWNW 9.7 9.7----30.23+0.04 42.3 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 11:50 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.0 43.2 W30.23- 42.6 38.5 41.5---
2025-06-24 11:40 amWNW 11.7 11.7 1.0-3.2 W30.23- 43.0 38.5 41.9---
2025-06-24 11:30 amWNW 9.7 11.7----30.23- 42.8- 41.7---
2025-06-24 11:20 amWNW 9.7 9.7 1.3 43.1 W30.22- 42.4 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 11:10 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.3-3.1 W30.22- 42.3 38.5 41.4---
2025-06-24 11:00 amWNW 9.7 9.7----30.22+0.03 42.3 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 10:50 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.3 43.2 W30.22- 42.3 38.3 41.2---
2025-06-24 10:40 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.3-3.2 W30.21- 42.4 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 10:30 amWNW 9.7 11.7----30.21- 42.8 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 10:20 amWNW 9.7 9.7 1.0 43.3WNW30.21- 42.6 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 10:10 amWNW 7.8 9.7 1.0-3.3WNW30.21- 42.1 38.5 41.2---
2025-06-24 10:00 amWNW 5.8 7.8----30.21+0.05 42.4 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 09:50 amWNW 3.9 5.8 1.0 43.3WNW30.21- 41.9 38.5 41.0---
2025-06-24 09:40 am W 3.9 3.9 1.0-3.3WNW30.21- 42.4 38.5 41.2---
2025-06-24 09:30 am W 1.9 3.9----30.20- 42.4 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 09:20 amWSW 1.9 3.9 1.3 43.3WNW30.20- 42.3 38.3 41.5---
2025-06-24 09:10 amWSW 1.9 3.9 1.3-3.3WNW30.20- 42.6 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 09:00 am NW 3.9 5.8----30.19+0.07 43.3 38.3 42.3---
2025-06-24 08:50 am NW 3.9 3.9 1.3 43.3 W30.18- 43.2 38.3 42.1---
2025-06-24 08:40 amWNW 5.8 5.8----30.18- 44.4 38.3 42.8---
2025-06-24 08:30 am W 5.8 5.8----30.18- 44.4 38.3 43.2---
2025-06-24 08:20 am W 3.9 5.8 1.3 43.4 W30.17- 44.6 38.3 43.3---
2025-06-24 08:10 amWSW 3.9 5.8----30.18- 42.4 38.3 42.1---
2025-06-24 08:00 am S 3.9 5.8----30.18+0.09 40.6 38.3 39.9---
2025-06-24 07:50 am SW 1.9 3.9 1.3 43.4 W30.17- 41.9 38.3 41.4---
2025-06-24 07:40 am S 3.9 5.8 1.3-3.4 W30.17- 41.0 38.3 40.6---
2025-06-24 07:30 amSSE 3.9 5.8----30.16- 41.4 38.1 40.6---
2025-06-24 07:20 amESE 1.9 3.9 1.3 43.3WNW30.16- 42.8 38.1 41.9---
2025-06-24 07:10 am E 3.9 5.8----30.16- 41.5 38.1 41.2---
2025-06-24 07:00 amENE 3.9 5.8----30.15+0.07 40.5 38.1 39.9---
2025-06-24 06:50 am N 5.8 7.8 1.3 43.4 W30.14- 41.9 38.1 41.4---
2025-06-24 06:40 amNNW 7.8 7.8----30.14- 42.4 38.1 42.1---
2025-06-24 06:30 amNNW 5.8 7.8----30.14- 41.7 38.1 41.4---
2025-06-24 06:20 amNNW 5.8 5.8 1.6 43.4WNW30.13- 41.9 38.1 41.5---
2025-06-24 06:10 amNNW 5.8 9.7 1.6-3.4WNW30.13- 42.1 38.1 41.7---
2025-06-24 06:00 am NW 7.8 9.7----30.12+0.05 41.7 38.1 41.4---
2025-06-24 05:50 amWNW 7.8 9.7 1.6-3.6 W30.11- 41.9 38.1 41.5---
2025-06-24 05:40 am--- 1.6 43.6 W--------
2025-06-24 05:30 amWNW 9.7 13.6----30.11- 42.1 38.1 41.7---
2025-06-24 05:20 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.6 53.5 W30.10- 42.3 38.1 41.9---
2025-06-24 05:10 amWNW 11.7 11.7 1.6-3.5 W30.09- 42.4 38.1 42.1---
2025-06-24 05:00 amWNW 11.7 13.6----30.09+0.02 42.8 38.1 42.4---
2025-06-24 04:50 amWNW 9.7 11.7 1.6 53.7 W30.09- 42.8 38.1 42.4---
2025-06-24 04:40 am W 9.7 11.7----30.09- 43.2 38.1 42.8---
2025-06-24 04:30 am W 7.8 9.7----30.09- 42.8 38.1 42.4---
2025-06-24 04:20 am W 5.8 7.8 1.6 43.7 W30.09- 43.0 38.1 42.6---
2025-06-24 04:10 am W 5.8 5.8----30.09- 44.4 38.1 44.1---
2025-06-24 04:00 am W 5.8 5.8----30.09+0.04 44.2 38.1 43.9---
2025-06-24 03:50 am SW 5.8 5.8 2.0 43.7 W30.08- 42.1 38.1 41.7---
2025-06-24 03:40 amSSW 5.8 5.8----30.09- 42.8 38.1 42.4---
2025-06-24 03:30 am SW 3.9 5.8----30.09- 43.5 38.1 43.2---
2025-06-24 03:20 am SW 3.9 5.8 2.0 43.7 W30.08- 42.8- 42.4---
2025-06-24 03:10 am SW 5.8 5.8 2.0-3.7 W30.08- 42.3 38.1 41.9---
2025-06-24 03:00 am SW 5.8 5.8----30.08+0.07 42.3 38.1 41.9---
2025-06-24 02:50 amWSW 5.8 7.8 2.0 53.6 W30.08- 43.0 38.1 42.6---
2025-06-24 02:40 amWSW 7.8 7.8 2.0-3.6 W30.07- 43.2 38.1 42.8---
2025-06-24 02:30 am SW 7.8 9.7----30.07- 42.1 38.1 41.7---
2025-06-24 02:20 am SW 9.7 9.7 2.0 53.6 W30.07- 42.3 38.1 41.9---
2025-06-24 02:10 am SW 7.8 9.7 2.0-3.6 W30.07- 42.4 38.1 42.1---
2025-06-24 02:00 am SW 7.8 9.7----30.06+0.08 43.5- 43.2---
2025-06-24 01:50 am SW 9.7 9.7 2.3 43.6 W30.07- 42.4 38.1 42.1---
2025-06-24 01:40 am SW 9.7 9.7----30.06- 42.6 38.1 42.3---
2025-06-24 01:30 amWSW 9.7 9.7----30.06- 44.4 38.1 44.1---
2025-06-24 01:20 am W 9.7 11.7 2.3 53.7 W30.06- 45.5 38.1 45.1---
2025-06-24 01:10 am W 9.7 11.7 2.3-3.7 W30.05- 45.7 38.1 45.3---
2025-06-24 01:00 am W 11.7 13.6----30.04+0.06 45.9 38.1 45.5---
2025-06-24 12:50 am W 9.7 11.7 2.3 53.6 W30.03- 45.5 38.1 45.1---
2025-06-24 12:40 am W 9.7 11.7----30.03- 45.5 38.1 45.1---
2025-06-24 12:30 am W 11.7 13.6----30.03- 45.3 38.1 45.0---
2025-06-24 12:20 am W 13.6 13.6 2.6 53.6 W30.02- 45.7 38.1 45.3---
2025-06-24 12:10 am W 13.6 13.6 2.6-3.6 W30.01- 45.0 38.1 44.6---
2025-06-24 12:00 am W 13.6 13.6----30.01+0.02 45.0 38.1 44.6---
2025-06-23 11:50 pm W 13.6 15.5 2.6 53.7 W30.00- 45.5 38.1 45.1---
2025-06-23 11:40 pm W 13.6 15.5----29.99- 46.0 38.1 45.7---
2025-06-23 11:30 pm W 13.6 15.5----29.99- 45.9 38.1 45.5---
2025-06-23 11:20 pm W 13.6 15.5 3.0 53.7 W29.99- 45.9 38.1 45.5---
2025-06-23 11:10 pm W 15.5 17.5 3.0-3.7 W29.99- 46.0 38.1 45.7---
2025-06-23 11:00 pm W 15.5 17.5----29.98+0.03 45.9 38.1 45.5---
2025-06-23 10:50 pm W 15.5 17.5 3.0 53.8 W29.98- 46.0 38.1 45.7---
2025-06-23 10:40 pm W 15.5 17.5----29.98- 46.2 38.1 45.9---
2025-06-23 10:30 pm W 15.5 17.5----29.98- 46.2 38.1 45.9---
2025-06-23 10:20 pm W 15.5 17.5 3.0 53.7 W29.98- 46.6 38.1 46.2---
2025-06-23 10:10 pm W 13.6 15.5 3.0-3.7 W29.98- 46.6 38.1 46.2---
2025-06-23 10:00 pm W 13.6 15.5----29.98+0.06 46.8 38.1 46.4---
2025-06-23 09:50 pm W 13.6 15.5 2.6 53.9 W29.98- 47.1 38.1 46.8---
2025-06-23 09:40 pmWSW 5.8 13.6----29.99- 47.1 38.1 46.8---
2025-06-23 09:30 pmWSW 3.9 7.8----30.00- 47.8 38.1 47.5---
2025-06-23 09:20 pm W 5.8 9.7 3.0 54.0 W29.99- 46.8 38.1 46.4---
2025-06-23 09:10 pm W 3.9 5.8 3.0-4.0 W29.99- 45.5 38.1 45.1---
2025-06-23 09:00 pm W 3.9 5.8----29.99+0.07 45.1 38.1 44.8---
2025-06-23 08:50 pm W 5.8 5.8 3.3 54.0 W29.98- 44.6 38.1 44.2---

Wave Summary
for 45004 as of
(9:10 pm EDT on 06/24/2025)
0110 GMT on 06/25/2025:

These wave data are displayed in rounded times.

     

Click on the graph icon in the table below to see a time series plot of the last five days of that observation.

5-day plot - Significant Wave Height Significant Wave Height (WVHT): 0.7 ft
5-day plot - Average Wave Period Average Wave Period (APD): 2.9 sec
Previous observations
TIME
(EDT)
5-day plot - Wave Height
WVHT
ft
5-day plot - Swell Height
SwH
ft
5-day plot - Swell Period
SwP
sec
5-day plot - Swell Direction
SwD
 
5-day plot - Wind Wave Height
WWH
ft
5-day plot - Wind Wave Period
WWP
sec
5-day plot - Wind Wave Direction
WWD
 
5-day plot - Wave Steepness
STEEPNESS
 
5-day plot - Average Wave Period
APD
sec
2025-06-24 08:40 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.8
2025-06-24 08:10 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.8
2025-06-24 07:40 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 07:10 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.8
2025-06-24 06:40 pm 0.7------ N/A 3.0
2025-06-24 06:10 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 05:40 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 05:10 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 04:40 pm 0.7------ N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 04:10 pm 1.0 0.3 4.3 W 0.7 2.9 W N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 03:40 pm 1.0 0.3 4.3WNW 0.7 2.9 W N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 03:10 pm 1.0 0.3 4.3WNW 0.7 2.5 WNW N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 02:40 pm 1.0 0.0 10.0WNW 1.0 3.1 W N/A 2.9
2025-06-24 02:10 pm 1.0 0.3 10.0 SE 1.0 3.3 W N/A 3.0
2025-06-24 01:40 pm 1.0 0.3 4.5 NW 1.0 3.8 WNW N/A 3.1
2025-06-24 01:10 pm 1.0 0.3 4.8WNW 1.0 4.3 WNW N/A 3.1
2025-06-24 12:40 pm 1.0 0.3 4.5 W 1.0 3.4 W N/A 3.0
2025-06-24 12:10 pm 1.0 0.7 4.3WNW 1.0 3.7 W N/A 3.1
2025-06-24 11:40 am 1.0 0.0 8.3ESE 1.0 3.7 W N/A 3.2
2025-06-24 11:10 am 1.3 0.3 4.8WNW 1.3 3.8 W N/A 3.1
2025-06-24 10:40 am 1.3 0.3 9.1 SW 1.3 3.8 W N/A 3.2
2025-06-24 10:10 am 1.0 0.7 4.2WNW 1.0 3.8 WNW N/A 3.3
2025-06-24 09:40 am 1.0 0.7 4.2WNW 1.0 3.4 W N/A 3.3
2025-06-24 09:10 am 1.3 0.7 4.3WNW 1.0 4.0 WNW N/A 3.3
2025-06-24 08:40 am 1.3 0.7 4.3 W 1.0 3.8 W N/A 3.3
2025-06-24 08:10 am 1.3 0.7 4.3 W 1.0 3.7 W N/A 3.4
2025-06-24 07:40 am 1.3 0.7 4.2 W 1.0 3.8 WNW N/A 3.4
2025-06-24 07:10 am 1.3 0.7 4.3WNW 1.0 3.3 W N/A 3.3
2025-06-24 06:40 am 1.3 0.7 4.3 W 1.0 3.8 W N/A 3.4
2025-06-24 06:10 am 1.6 1.0 4.3WNW 1.0 3.8 W N/A 3.4
2025-06-24 05:40 am 1.6 1.0 5.0WNW 1.3 4.0 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-24 05:10 am 1.6 0.3 7.7WNW 1.6 4.8 W N/A 3.5
2025-06-24 04:40 am 1.6 0.7 8.3WNW 1.6 4.8 W N/A 3.7
2025-06-24 04:10 am 1.6 1.3 4.3 W 1.3 3.8 W N/A 3.7
2025-06-24 03:40 am 2.0 1.3 4.3 W 1.3 4.0 W N/A 3.7
2025-06-24 03:10 am 2.0 1.3 4.3 W 1.3 3.8 W N/A 3.7
2025-06-24 02:40 am 2.0 1.3 4.8 W 1.3 3.6 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-24 02:10 am 2.0 1.6 4.8 W 1.3 3.4 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-24 01:40 am 2.3 1.3 5.0 W 1.6 4.3 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-24 01:10 am 2.3 0.0-- 2.3 4.8 W N/A 3.7
2025-06-24 12:40 am 2.3 0.0-- 2.3 4.8 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-24 12:10 am 2.6 0.0 7.7WSW 2.6 5.0 W N/A 3.6
2025-06-23 11:40 pm 2.6 0.0-- 2.6 5.0 WVERY_STEEP 3.7
2025-06-23 11:10 pm 3.0 0.0-- 3.0 4.8 WVERY_STEEP 3.7
2025-06-23 10:40 pm 3.0 0.0 10.0 W 3.0 5.0 WVERY_STEEP 3.8
2025-06-23 10:10 pm 3.0 0.0 10.0SSW 3.0 5.0 WVERY_STEEP 3.7
2025-06-23 09:40 pm 2.6 2.0 5.0 W 1.6 3.7 W STEEP 3.9
2025-06-23 09:10 pm 3.0 2.3 5.0 W 1.6 3.6 WVERY_STEEP 4.0

Plot icon Plot of wave energy versus frequency (and period)